GALR3 Gene - Galanin Receptor 3
G protein-coupled receptor for galanin, involved in neuroendocrine signaling and potential therapeutic target
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GALR3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Galanin Receptor 3 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 22q13.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 8484 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8484 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000128310 |
| UniProt ID | O60755 |
| OMIM ID | 603692 |
| HGNC ID | 4134 |
| Aliases | GALNR3, GALR3-R, MGC138207 |
Description
GALR3 encodes galanin receptor 3, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) for the neuropeptide galanin. The receptor is primarily expressed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues, mediating galanin's effects on hormone release, pain modulation, feeding behavior, and neuroendocrine regulation. Activation of GALR3 typically couples to Gi/o proteins, inhibiting adenylate cyclase and modulating ion channels.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Depression | Potential involvement via galanin signaling in limbic system | PMID: 17988663 |
| Anxiety Disorders | Modulation of stress responses through GALR3 activation | PMID: 15987666 |
| Epilepsy | Galanin receptor activation reduces seizure susceptibility | PMID: 15657137 |
| Pain | Galanin-mediated antinociception via GALR3 | PMID: 12466240 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain (cerebellum) | 0.8 | Low |
| Brain (hippocampus) | 0.5 | Low |
| Testis | 0.3 | Low |
| Adrenal gland | 0.2 | Low |
| Pancreas | 0.1 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 0.4 | Low expression |
| HEK293 (embryonic kidney) | 0.1 | Not detected |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 0.2 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | <0.01% | Potential loss of start codon |
| c.100C>T (p.Arg34Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.200G>A (p.Gly67Glu) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in ClinVar or COSMIC.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930) | • galanin receptor activity (GO:0004969) |
| • plasma membrane (GO:0005886) | • signal transduction (GO:0007165) |
| • adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007193) |
Pathways
• Galanin receptor signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-418594)
• GPCR downstream signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-388396)
• Neuropeptide signaling (KEGG: hsa04080)
Protein Summary
Galanin receptor 3 (GALR3) is a 368-amino acid integral membrane protein with seven transmembrane domains, characteristic of GPCRs. It binds galanin with high affinity and couples to Gi/o proteins, leading to inhibition of cAMP production. GALR3 is less studied than GALR1 and GALR2, but emerging evidence suggests roles in neuroendocrine regulation, mood disorders, and pain modulation. The protein is encoded by a single-exon gene on chromosome 22q13.1.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GALR3 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3307 | Human | 8484 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALR3 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54918 | Human | 8484 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALR3 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63405 | Human | 8484 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALR3 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71872 | Human | 8484 | Details Get a Quote |
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