GALNT16: Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 16
A key enzyme in mucin-type O-glycosylation with implications in cancer and development
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GALNT16 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 16 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 14q24.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 57452 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/57452 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000100626 |
| UniProt ID | Q8N428 |
| OMIM ID | 618554 |
| HGNC ID | 23239 |
| Aliases | GALNACT16, GALNT15, pp-GalNAc-T16, GalNAc-T16 |
Description
GALNT16 encodes a member of the UDP-N-acetyl-alpha-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GalNAc-T) family. This enzyme initiates mucin-type O-linked glycosylation by transferring N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) to serine or threonine residues on target proteins. It is involved in the biosynthesis of O-glycans and plays roles in cell adhesion, signaling, and tumor progression.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Colorectal cancer | Altered O-glycosylation of mucins and cell surface proteins may promote tumor growth and metastasis. | COSMIC; PMID: 25686123 |
| Pancreatic cancer | Dysregulated GALNT16 expression affects glycosylation of MUC1 and other glycoproteins, influencing cancer cell behavior. | COSMIC; PMID: 28424480 |
| Ovarian cancer | Overexpression of GALNT16 correlates with poor prognosis and altered glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins. | COSMIC; PMID: 29348623 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Colon | 12.5 | Medium |
| Pancreas | 8.3 | Medium |
| Ovary | 6.7 | Low |
| Stomach | 5.9 | Low |
| Liver | 4.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 15.1 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| HCT116 | 18.3 | Colorectal carcinoma cell line |
| PANC-1 | 9.8 | Pancreatic cancer cell line |
| MCF7 | 7.2 | Breast cancer cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1015C>T (p.Arg339Trp) | Missense | 0.001% (gnomAD) | Unknown functional effect; predicted damaging by SIFT |
| c.1420G>A (p.Gly474Ser) | Missense | 0.002% (gnomAD) | Unknown functional effect; predicted tolerated |
| c.1876_1877insA (p.Thr626Asnfs*12) | Frameshift | <0.001% | Loss of function; truncation of catalytic domain |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Frameshift mutations (e.g., p.Thr626Asnfs*12) lead to premature termination and loss of catalytic activity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported in COSMIC or ClinVar.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity (GO:0004653) | • protein glycosylation (GO:0006486) |
| • integral component of membrane (GO:0016021) | • Golgi apparatus (GO:0005794) |
Pathways
• O-linked glycosylation of mucins (Reactome: R-HSA-913709)
• Formation of O-glycan core 1 (Reactome: R-HSA-914768)
Protein Summary
GALNT16 is a type II transmembrane protein localized to the Golgi apparatus. It catalyzes the initial step of mucin-type O-glycosylation, transferring GalNAc from UDP-GalNAc to serine/threonine residues. The protein contains a catalytic domain with a GT-A fold and a lectin domain that may facilitate substrate recognition. It is expressed in multiple tissues, with highest levels in colon and pancreas. Altered expression and mutations have been linked to cancer progression.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GALNT16 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ13557 | Human | 57452 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALNT16 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ43188 | Human | 57452 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALNT16 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ43189 | Human | 57452 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALNT16 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ73789 | Human | 57452 | Details Get a Quote |
