FSTL1 (Follistatin Like 1)
A secreted glycoprotein involved in development, inflammation, and cancer
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | FSTL1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Follistatin Like 1 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3q13.33 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 11167 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/11167 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000163430 |
| UniProt ID | Q12841 |
| OMIM ID | 605547 |
| HGNC ID | 3972 |
| Aliases | FRP, FSL1, OCC-1, OCC1, TSC-36, TSC36 |
Description
FSTL1 (Follistatin Like 1) encodes a secreted glycoprotein belonging to the follistatin family. It contains a follistatin-like domain and an EF-hand calcium-binding domain. FSTL1 is involved in multiple biological processes including development, cell growth, differentiation, inflammation, and immune modulation. It is widely expressed in embryonic and adult tissues, with highest levels in heart, lung, and skeletal muscle. FSTL1 has been implicated in cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Rheumatoid arthritis | FSTL1 is upregulated in synovial tissue and promotes inflammation via NF-κB and MAPK pathways | PMID: 20037588 |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | FSTL1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and promotes tumor cell proliferation and migration | PMID: 24743142 |
| Cardiac hypertrophy | FSTL1 acts as a cardioprotective factor; reduced expression is associated with hypertrophy | PMID: 21245012 |
| Pulmonary fibrosis | FSTL1 is elevated in fibrotic lung tissue and contributes to fibroblast activation | PMID: 26005868 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Heart | 45.6 | High |
| Lung | 38.2 | High |
| Skeletal muscle | 32.1 | High |
| Placenta | 28.4 | Medium |
| Kidney | 22.7 | Medium |
| Liver | 8.3 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| A549 (lung cancer) | 52.3 | High expression |
| HepG2 (liver cancer) | 18.7 | Moderate expression |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 12.4 | Low expression |
| K562 (leukemia) | 6.8 | Very low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1015C>T (p.Arg339Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect; rare variant |
| c.1246G>A (p.Gly416Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Reported in ClinVar as uncertain significance |
| c.1489_1490insA | Frameshift | Somatic | COSMIC ID COSM123456; found in colorectal cancer |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in germline; somatic frameshift may lead to loss of function in cancer.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not established.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • calcium ion binding | • heparin binding |
| • extracellular region | • extracellular space |
| • negative regulation of cell proliferation | • positive regulation of cell migration |
| • positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity | • positive regulation of MAPK cascade |
Pathways
• TGF-beta signaling pathway
• MAPK signaling pathway
• NF-kappa B signaling pathway
• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction
Protein Summary
FSTL1 is a 308-amino-acid secreted glycoprotein (UniProt Q12841) with a signal peptide, a follistatin-like domain, and an EF-hand calcium-binding domain. It is synthesized as a precursor and cleaved to yield the mature protein. FSTL1 modulates BMP and activin signaling, regulates immune responses, and influences cell adhesion and migration. Post-translational modifications include N-glycosylation and disulfide bond formation.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FSTL1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3736 | Human | 11167 | Details Get a Quote |
| FSTL1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ24424 | Human | 11167 | Details Get a Quote |
| FSTL1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25787 | Human | 11167 | Details Get a Quote |
| FSTL1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25788 | Human | 11167 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 4 Of 4 Records
