FGL2: Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2
A key regulator of immune coagulation and tumor microenvironment
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | FGL2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Fibrinogen-like 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 7q11.23 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 10875 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10875 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000127955 |
| UniProt ID | Q14314 |
| OMIM ID | 605351 |
| HGNC ID | 3656 |
| Aliases | T49, pT49, fibroleukin, fgl2 |
Description
FGL2 encodes fibrinogen-like protein 2, also known as fibroleukin. This protein is a member of the fibrinogen-related protein superfamily and functions as a prothrombinase, directly converting prothrombin to thrombin. It is expressed in various immune cells and endothelial cells, playing a critical role in immune coagulation, inflammation, and tumor immune evasion. FGL2 is implicated in several diseases, including viral hepatitis, transplant rejection, and cancer.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Hepatitis B/C | FGL2 expressed on macrophages and endothelial cells promotes fibrin deposition and microvascular thrombosis, contributing to liver injury | PMID: 15601839 |
| Renal transplant rejection | Upregulated FGL2 in graft endothelium enhances thrombin generation and fibrin deposition, leading to vascular damage | PMID: 11733563 |
| Colorectal cancer | FGL2 overexpression in tumor microenvironment suppresses T-cell responses via IL-10 and TGF-β, promoting immune evasion | PMID: 23776166 |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | Elevated FGL2 levels correlate with disease activity and thrombotic complications | PMID: 21558033 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Spleen | 12.5 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.3 | Low |
| Liver | 6.1 | Low |
| Kidney | 4.2 | Low |
| Placenta | 15.8 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 18.2 | High expression after LPS stimulation |
| HUVEC (endothelial) | 9.7 | Constitutive, upregulated by TNF-α |
| HepG2 (hepatocyte) | 3.4 | Low baseline |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.104C>T (p.Pro35Leu) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional impact |
| c.487G>A (p.Gly163Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Predicted benign |
| c.1123A>G (p.Thr375Ala) | Missense | <0.01% | Predicted benign |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in FGL2.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported; overexpression in tumors is transcriptional.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative variants described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Complement and coagulation cascades (KEGG: hsa04610)
• Immune system (Reactome: R-HSA-168256)
Protein Summary
Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) is a 439-amino-acid secreted protein with a fibrinogen-like domain. It acts as a prothrombinase, converting prothrombin to thrombin independently of the classical coagulation cascade. FGL2 is expressed by macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells, and its expression is induced by inflammatory cytokines. In the tumor microenvironment, FGL2 contributes to immune suppression by promoting regulatory T-cell activity and inhibiting cytotoxic T-cell responses. Its dual role in coagulation and immune modulation makes it a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGL2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ7198 | Human | 10875 | Details Get a Quote |
| FGL2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ55507 | Human | 10875 | Details Get a Quote |
| FGL2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63997 | Human | 10875 | Details Get a Quote |
| FGL2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ72448 | Human | 10875 | Details Get a Quote |
