DYRK2 (Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 2)
A key regulator of cell survival, DNA damage response, and cancer progression
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | DYRK2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 12q15 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 8445 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/8445 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000127334 |
| UniProt ID | Q92630 |
| OMIM ID | 603496 |
| HGNC ID | 3091 |
| Aliases | FLJ16119, MGC12815, DYRK2 |
Description
DYRK2 is a protein kinase that belongs to the DYRK family of dual-specificity kinases. It phosphorylates serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues on target proteins. DYRK2 plays a critical role in various cellular processes including cell cycle regulation, DNA damage response, apoptosis, and proteasome-mediated protein degradation. It acts as a tumor suppressor in many cancers by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation. DYRK2 also regulates the stability of key proteins such as p53 and c-Myc, and is involved in the DNA damage checkpoint.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (multiple types) | DYRK2 acts as a tumor suppressor; loss of expression or function leads to increased cell survival and proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis. | Multiple studies show reduced DYRK2 expression in breast, lung, and colorectal cancers, correlating with poor prognosis. |
| Neuroblastoma | DYRK2 promotes differentiation and apoptosis; downregulation contributes to tumor progression. | Expression studies in neuroblastoma cell lines and tissues. |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | DYRK2 inhibits cell growth and invasion; its downregulation is associated with aggressive tumor features. | Clinical samples and functional assays. |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Testis | 15.2 | High |
| Brain | 8.5 | Medium |
| Lung | 6.3 | Medium |
| Liver | 4.1 | Low |
| Kidney | 3.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 12.5 | High expression |
| HeLa | 9.8 | Moderate expression |
| MCF7 | 7.2 | Moderate expression |
| A549 | 5.6 | Low expression |
| HepG2 | 4.3 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1234A>G (p.Lys412Glu) | Missense | Rare (<0.1%) | Potential loss of kinase activity |
| c.567delC (p.Leu190TrpfsTer5) | Frameshift | Very rare | Loss of function |
| c.789C>T (p.Arg263Trp) | Missense | Rare | Unknown; possibly damaging |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Loss-of-function mutations in DYRK2, such as frameshift or nonsense mutations, lead to reduced kinase activity or protein truncation, impairing its tumor suppressor functions and promoting cancer cell survival.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Gain-of-function mutations are rare and not well characterized; some missense mutations may increase kinase activity, potentially altering substrate specificity, but evidence is limited.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Dominant-negative effects have been suggested for certain missense mutations that retain binding but lose catalytic activity, interfering with wild-type DYRK2 function, though this requires further validation.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • protein serine/threonine kinase activity | • protein tyrosine kinase activity |
| • ATP binding | • protein binding |
| • nucleus | • cytoplasm |
| • DNA damage response | • apoptotic process |
| • cell cycle regulation |
Pathways
• p53 signaling pathway
• DNA damage response
• Proteasome-mediated ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
• MAPK signaling pathway
• Wnt signaling pathway
Protein Summary
DYRK2 is a 601-amino acid protein with a conserved kinase domain. It phosphorylates substrates on serine/threonine residues and also has tyrosine kinase activity. DYRK2 is involved in the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser46, promoting apoptosis in response to DNA damage. It also phosphorylates c-Myc at Ser62, leading to its degradation via the proteasome. DYRK2 regulates the G1/S cell cycle checkpoint and is implicated in the DNA damage response pathway. Its expression is often downregulated in cancers, highlighting its role as a tumor suppressor.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DYRK2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ13240 | Human | 8445 | Details Get a Quote |
| DYRK2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ42627 | Human | 8445 | Details Get a Quote |
| DYRK2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ42628 | Human | 8445 | Details Get a Quote |
| DYRK2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ42629 | Human | 8445 | Details Get a Quote |
| DYRK2 Knockout AGS Cell Line | EDJ-KZ202 | Human | 8445 | Details Get a Quote |
