DUSP1 Gene - Dual Specificity Phosphatase 1 | Function, Mutations & Diseases

DUSP1 (dual specificity phosphatase 1) encodes a protein that dephosphorylates both phosphotyrosine and phosphoserine/threonine residues, specifically targeting mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases such as MAPK1/ERK2 and MAPK14/p38. It acts as a negative regulator of MAPK signaling, playing roles in cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and stress response. DUSP1 is induced by oxidative stress, growth factors, and heat shock, and its dysregulation is implicated in cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.

Tissue Expression

Cell Line Expression

Hotspot Mutations

Mutation functional classification

• MAPK signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-5687128)

• Negative regulation of MAPK pathway (KEGG: hsa04010)

• Oxidative stress response (WikiPathways: WP408)

DUSP1 is a 367-amino acid dual specificity phosphatase that localizes to the nucleus. It contains an N-terminal non-catalytic domain for MAPK binding and a C-terminal catalytic domain. The protein dephosphorylates phosphothreonine and phosphotyrosine residues within the activation loop of MAP kinases, thereby inactivating them. DUSP1 is rapidly induced by stress stimuli and acts as a feedback inhibitor of MAPK signaling. Its expression is tightly regulated at transcriptional and post-translational levels.