CYGB: Cytoglobin – A Globin with Neuroprotective and Fibrosis-Related Roles
Comprehensive gene card, expression, mutations, and clinical significance of CYGB
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | CYGB |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Cytoglobin |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 17q25.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 114757 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/114757 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000161544 |
| UniProt ID | Q8WWM9 |
| OMIM ID | 608759 |
| HGNC ID | 20292 |
| Aliases | HGB, STAP, HGD |
Description
CYGB encodes cytoglobin, a member of the globin family expressed in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. It is involved in oxygen transport, nitric oxide scavenging, and protection against oxidative stress. CYGB has been implicated in fibrosis, cancer progression, and neuroprotection. Its expression is induced under hypoxic conditions and regulated by HIF-1α.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis | CYGB downregulation in lung fibroblasts leads to increased oxidative stress and collagen deposition | PMID: 21880726 |
| Hepatocellular Carcinoma | Reduced CYGB expression correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis; acts as a tumor suppressor | PMID: 23429704 |
| Breast Cancer | CYGB hypermethylation and silencing promote metastasis | PMID: 25620005 |
| Neuroblastoma | CYGB overexpression protects against hypoxia-induced apoptosis | PMID: 19074885 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lung | 12.3 | Medium |
| Liver | 8.7 | Medium |
| Heart | 6.5 | Low |
| Brain | 4.2 | Low |
| Kidney | 3.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| A549 (lung carcinoma) | 15.2 | High expression |
| HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) | 10.8 | Moderate expression |
| MCF7 (breast adenocarcinoma) | 2.1 | Low expression |
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 18.5 | High expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | <0.01% | Loss of start codon; predicted loss of function |
| c.214C>T (p.Arg72Cys) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.376G>A (p.Gly126Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Mutations affecting the start codon or critical residues likely reduce protein stability or expression, contributing to loss of cytoglobin's protective functions.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported in CYGB.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported in CYGB.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling pathway
• Reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism
Protein Summary
Cytoglobin is a 190-amino-acid heme-containing globin with a hexacoordinate structure. It is predominantly expressed in fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The protein binds oxygen reversibly and participates in nitric oxide dioxygenase activity, protecting cells from oxidative and nitrosative stress. Cytoglobin also modulates collagen synthesis and has been implicated in fibrotic diseases and cancer suppression.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYGB Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ7452 | Human | 114757 | Details Get a Quote |
| CYGB Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31305 | Human | 114757 | Details Get a Quote |
| CYGB Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ57923 | Human | 114757 | Details Get a Quote |
| CYGB Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ74839 | Human | 114757 | Details Get a Quote |
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