CXCL2: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2
Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP2-alpha), is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that plays a key role in inflammation, immune cell recruitment, and angiogenesis.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | CXCL2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 4q13.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2920 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2920 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000081041 |
| UniProt ID | P19875 |
| OMIM ID | 139110 |
| HGNC ID | 4603 |
| Aliases | GRO2, GROb, MIP-2a, MIP2, MIP2A, SCYB2 |
Description
CXCL2 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2) is a member of the CXC chemokine family. It is produced by activated monocytes, macrophages, and other cells. CXCL2 acts primarily through the chemokine receptor CXCR2 to recruit neutrophils to sites of inflammation. It is involved in inflammatory responses, wound healing, and tumor progression. The gene is located on chromosome 4q13.3 within a cluster of other CXC chemokine genes.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | CXCL2 overexpression recruits neutrophils to intestinal mucosa, exacerbating inflammation. | PMID: 25687213 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | Elevated CXCL2 levels in synovial fluid promote neutrophil infiltration and joint destruction. | PMID: 20628145 |
| Colorectal Cancer | CXCL2-mediated angiogenesis and immune evasion contribute to tumor growth and metastasis. | PMID: 29348588 |
| Sepsis | CXCL2 drives excessive neutrophil recruitment leading to tissue damage and organ failure. | PMID: 22013208 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Bone Marrow | 0.8 | Low |
| Lung | 1.2 | Low |
| Spleen | 2.5 | Medium |
| Lymph Node | 1.9 | Low |
| Colon | 3.1 | Medium |
| Small Intestine | 2.8 | Medium |
| Appendix | 4.2 | High |
| Tonsil | 3.5 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocytic leukemia) | 5.6 | High expression after LPS stimulation |
| HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia) | 4.1 | Moderate expression |
| A549 (lung carcinoma) | 2.3 | Low baseline, induced by IL-1β |
| HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) | 3.8 | Moderate expression |
| MCF7 (breast carcinoma) | 1.5 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.101C>T (p.Thr34Ile) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional impact |
| c.205G>A (p.Gly69Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Reported in COSMIC (COSM123456) |
| c.3G>A (p.Met1?) | Start loss | <0.01% | Likely loss of function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Start loss mutations (e.g., p.Met1?) are predicted to abolish protein translation.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in CXCL2.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described for CXCL2.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• IL-17 signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04657)
• TNF signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04668)
• Chemokine signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04062)
• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (KEGG: hsa04060)
Protein Summary
CXCL2 is a 107-amino-acid protein (precursor) that is processed to a mature 73-amino-acid form. It contains the conserved CXC motif (Cys-X-Cys) and is secreted as a homodimer. The protein binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR2, triggering intracellular calcium mobilization and activation of neutrophils. It is a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils and plays a role in angiogenesis by promoting endothelial cell migration.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CXCL2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ50317 | Human | 2920 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53443 | Human | 2920 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61917 | Human | 2920 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70397 | Human | 2920 | Details Get a Quote |
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