CXCL16: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 16
A transmembrane chemokine involved in immune surveillance, atherosclerosis, and cancer progression.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | CXCL16 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 17p13.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 58191 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/58191 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000161921 |
| UniProt ID | Q9H2A7 |
| OMIM ID | 605398 |
| HGNC ID | 16642 |
| Aliases | SR-PSOX, CXCLG16, SCYB16 |
Description
CXCL16 encodes a transmembrane chemokine that exists in both membrane-bound and soluble forms. The membrane-bound form acts as an adhesion molecule and scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), while the soluble form functions as a chemoattractant for cells expressing CXCR6, including activated T cells and natural killer T cells. CXCL16 is involved in inflammatory responses, atherosclerosis, and tumor immunity.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Atherosclerosis | CXCL16 mediates oxLDL uptake by macrophages, promoting foam cell formation and plaque development. | PMID: 15123670, 17921315 |
| Coronary artery disease | Elevated soluble CXCL16 levels correlate with disease severity and inflammatory markers. | PMID: 18645042 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | CXCL16 is upregulated in synovial tissue and contributes to T-cell recruitment and joint inflammation. | PMID: 15542592 |
| Prostate cancer | CXCL16-CXCR6 axis promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and metastasis. | PMID: 18245495 |
| Breast cancer | CXCL16 expression is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. | PMID: 23901062 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lymph node | 12.3 | Medium |
| Spleen | 10.8 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.5 | Medium |
| Small intestine | 7.2 | Low |
| Liver | 5.1 | Low |
| Heart | 3.4 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 15.2 | High expression; upregulated by oxLDL |
| HUVEC (endothelial) | 9.8 | Constitutive expression |
| HeLa (cervical cancer) | 6.3 | Moderate expression |
| A549 (lung cancer) | 4.7 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.301G>A (p.Gly101Arg) | Missense | 0.01% (gnomAD) | Unknown functional impact |
| c.487C>T (p.Arg163Trp) | Missense | 0.005% (gnomAD) | Potential loss of chemotactic activity |
| c.614A>G (p.Asn205Ser) | Missense | 0.02% (gnomAD) | No known disease association |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No well-characterized loss-of-function mutations reported in CXCL16.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No well-characterized gain-of-function mutations reported in CXCL16.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported for CXCL16.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • chemokine activity (GO:0008009) | • scavenger receptor activity (GO:0005044) |
| • immune response (GO:0006955) | • chemotaxis (GO:0006935) |
| • plasma membrane (GO:0005886) | • extracellular space (GO:0005615) |
Pathways
• Chemokine signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04062)
• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (KEGG: hsa04060)
• Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04620)
• NF-kappa B signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04064)
Protein Summary
CXCL16 is a 254-amino acid transmembrane protein with an N-terminal chemokine domain, a mucin-like stalk, a transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. It is synthesized as a membrane-bound molecule that can be cleaved by ADAM10 and ADAM17 to release a soluble chemokine. The soluble form binds to CXCR6, while the membrane-bound form acts as a scavenger receptor for oxLDL. The protein is expressed on dendritic cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CXCL16 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ51594 | Human | 58191 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL16 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ56933 | Human | 58191 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL16 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ65439 | Human | 58191 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL16 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ73877 | Human | 58191 | Details Get a Quote |
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