CXCL10: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10
A key chemokine in immune response, inflammation, and viral infection
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | CXCL10 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 4q21.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 3627 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/3627 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000169245 |
| UniProt ID | P02778 |
| OMIM ID | 147310 |
| HGNC ID | 10637 |
| Aliases | IP-10, C7, IFI10, INP10, SCYB10, crg-2, gIP-10, mob-1 |
Description
CXCL10 (C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10) encodes a chemokine of the CXC subfamily. It is secreted by monocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-γ). CXCL10 binds to CXCR3 receptor, promoting chemotaxis of activated T cells, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells. It plays a critical role in inflammatory diseases, viral infections, and tumor immunity.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Hepatitis C virus infection | CXCL10 is induced by IFN-γ; elevated levels correlate with liver inflammation and fibrosis | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Type 1 diabetes | CXCL10 recruits autoreactive T cells to pancreatic islets; associated with beta-cell destruction | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Multiple sclerosis | CXCL10 expression in CNS lesions attracts CXCR3+ T cells, contributing to demyelination | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Elevated CXCL10 in synovial fluid promotes T cell infiltration and joint inflammation | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| HIV infection | CXCL10 levels increase during HIV progression; linked to immune activation and CD4+ T cell decline | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lymph node | 12.8 | High |
| Spleen | 10.5 | High |
| Lung | 8.2 | Medium |
| Liver | 6.1 | Medium |
| Small intestine | 5.4 | Medium |
| Thyroid | 3.9 | Low |
| Heart | 1.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 15.3 | IFN-γ stimulation increases expression |
| A549 (lung epithelial) | 9.8 | Induced by viral infection |
| HUVEC (endothelial) | 7.6 | TNF-α and IFN-γ synergy |
| Jurkat (T cell) | 2.1 | Constitutive low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs3921 | SNP (3'UTR) | 0.15 (global) | May alter mRNA stability; associated with hepatitis C outcome |
| rs56061981 | missense (p.Pro2Ala) | <0.01 | Rare; functional impact unknown |
| rs8878 | SNP (intronic) | 0.22 | Linked to altered CXCL10 levels in autoimmune disease |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No well-characterized loss-of-function mutations reported in CXCL10.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations described; overexpression is typically due to transcriptional regulation.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not applicable for CXCL10.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • chemokine activity | • CXCR3 chemokine receptor binding |
| • heparin binding | • extracellular space |
| • inflammatory response | • immune response |
| • cell chemotaxis | • positive regulation of T cell migration |
Pathways
• Chemokine signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04062)
• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (KEGG: hsa04060)
• Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04620)
• RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04622)
Protein Summary
CXCL10 (IP-10) is a 10 kDa secreted chemokine that binds to CXCR3. It is induced by IFN-γ and plays a central role in recruiting activated T cells and NK cells to sites of inflammation. The protein contains a CXC motif and is involved in antiviral immunity, autoimmune pathology, and tumor surveillance. Elevated serum CXCL10 is a biomarker for several inflammatory and infectious diseases.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CXCL10 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1480 | Human | 3627 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL10 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53664 | Human | 3627 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL10 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ62138 | Human | 3627 | Details Get a Quote |
| CXCL10 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70628 | Human | 3627 | Details Get a Quote |
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