CH25H: Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase
Key enzyme in cholesterol metabolism and antiviral immunity
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | CH25H |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Cholesterol 25-Hydroxylase |
| Gene Type | Protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 10q23.31 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 9023 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9023 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000138135 |
| UniProt ID | O95992 |
| OMIM ID | 604551 |
| HGNC ID | 1907 |
| Aliases | CH25H, C25H, 25-HC, 25-hydroxycholesterol |
Description
CH25H encodes cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC). 25-HC is a potent regulator of cholesterol homeostasis and a key mediator of interferon-induced antiviral responses. It inhibits viral entry by blocking membrane fusion and modulates immune signaling. CH25H is induced by type I and type II interferons and plays a role in innate immunity against enveloped viruses including SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and Zika virus.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Atherosclerosis | 25-HC suppresses SREBP processing, reducing cholesterol synthesis and promoting foam cell formation | PMID: 23934897 |
| Viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, HIV, Zika) | 25-HC blocks viral membrane fusion and entry; CH25H upregulation is interferon-dependent | PMID: 23934897, 32345962 |
| Inflammatory diseases | 25-HC modulates IL-1β and NLRP3 inflammasome activation | PMID: 27374331 |
| Cancer (breast, prostate) | Altered cholesterol metabolism via 25-HC affects cell proliferation and tumor microenvironment | PMID: 29590007 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 2.3 | Low |
| Lung | 1.8 | Low |
| Spleen | 4.5 | Medium |
| Lymph node | 6.1 | Medium |
| Bone marrow | 3.2 | Low |
| Brain | 0.5 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 0.8 | Low baseline; induced by interferon |
| THP-1 (macrophage) | 12.5 | High after LPS/IFN-γ stimulation |
| HepG2 | 1.1 | Low |
| A549 (lung) | 2.3 | Inducible by interferon |
| Jurkat (T-cell) | 0.6 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | <0.01% | Likely loss of start codon; functional impact unknown |
| c.352C>T (p.Arg118Cys) | Missense | <0.01% | Reduced enzymatic activity in vitro |
| c.500G>A (p.Arg167His) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
p.Arg118Cys reduces 25-HC production; p.Met1? abolishes translation
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not described
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Cholesterol metabolism (Reactome: R-HSA-191273)
• Interferon signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-913531)
• SREBP signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-1655829)
• Innate immune system (Reactome: R-HSA-168249)
Protein Summary
Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase is a 272-amino-acid endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that converts cholesterol to 25-hydroxycholesterol. 25-HC acts as a feedback regulator of cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting SREBP processing and activating LXR signaling. It also exerts broad antiviral activity by blocking viral membrane fusion. The enzyme is highly induced by interferons and is a critical component of the interferon antiviral response.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH25H Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ6432 | Human | 9023 | Details Get a Quote |
| CH25H Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ55056 | Human | 9023 | Details Get a Quote |
| CH25H Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ63537 | Human | 9023 | Details Get a Quote |
| CH25H Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ72007 | Human | 9023 | Details Get a Quote |
