CD68
Cluster of Differentiation 68, a macrophage-associated glycoprotein
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | CD68 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | CD68 molecule |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 17p13.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 968 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/968 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000129226 |
| UniProt ID | P34810 |
| OMIM ID | 153634 |
| HGNC ID | 1691 |
| Aliases | GP110, LAMP4, SCARD1, macrosialin |
Description
CD68 encodes a 110-kDa transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in monocytes and tissue macrophages. It belongs to the lysosomal-associated membrane protein (LAMP) family and localizes primarily to endosomes and lysosomes, with low surface expression. CD68 functions in phagocytosis, antigen processing, and lysosomal metabolism, and is widely used as an immunohistochemical marker for macrophages.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Atherosclerosis | CD68-positive macrophages accumulate in arterial plaques, contributing to inflammation and foam cell formation. | NCBI Gene, OMIM |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | Synovial macrophage CD68 expression correlates with disease activity and joint destruction. | NCBI Gene |
| Cancer (various) | Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) express CD68; high infiltration often correlates with poor prognosis. | NCBI Gene, COSMIC |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Spleen | 123.2 | High |
| Lung | 98.5 | High |
| Liver | 87.3 | High |
| Bone marrow | 76.1 | High |
| Blood | 45.6 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 120.5 | Macrophage-like after PMA stimulation |
| U937 (histiocytic lymphoma) | 110.2 | Monocytic lineage |
| K-562 (leukemia) | 15.3 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G | missense | <0.01% | Unknown; rare variant |
| c.123C>T | synonymous | 0.02% | No known functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No well-characterized loss-of-function mutations reported in CD68.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations described.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not applicable; CD68 functions as a monomer.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • lysosomal membrane | • endosome membrane |
| • scavenger receptor activity | • protein binding |
| • phagocytosis |
Pathways
• Lysosome (KEGG: hsa04142)
• Phagosome (KEGG: hsa04145)
Protein Summary
CD68 is a heavily glycosylated type I transmembrane protein with a large N-terminal domain rich in proline and serine residues. It contains a conserved LAMP-like domain and functions as a scavenger receptor for oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and other ligands. The protein is predominantly intracellular but cycles to the plasma membrane, where it mediates endocytosis and pathogen recognition.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CD68 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ2203 | Human | 968 | Details Get a Quote |
| CD68 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22449 | Human | 968 | Details Get a Quote |
| CD68 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22450 | Human | 968 | Details Get a Quote |
| CD68 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22451 | Human | 968 | Details Get a Quote |
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