CCR5 Gene (C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5)
Key regulator of immune cell trafficking and HIV-1 co-receptor
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | CCR5 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3p21.31 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 1234 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/1234 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000160791 |
| UniProt ID | P51681 |
| OMIM ID | 601373 |
| HGNC ID | 1606 |
| Aliases | CCR5, CKR5, CD195, CC-CKR-5, CMKBR5, CCCKR5 |
Description
CCR5 (C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5) is a G protein-coupled receptor that functions as a receptor for several chemokines, including CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5. It plays a critical role in immune cell recruitment and inflammation. CCR5 is also the major co-receptor for HIV-1 entry into CD4+ T cells. A 32-base pair deletion (CCR5-Δ32) confers resistance to HIV-1 infection in homozygous carriers.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| HIV-1 Infection | CCR5 acts as a co-receptor for HIV-1 entry; loss-of-function mutations (e.g., CCR5-Δ32) block viral entry | ClinVar, OMIM |
| West Nile Virus Susceptibility | CCR5 deficiency is associated with increased risk of symptomatic West Nile virus infection | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | CCR5 polymorphisms may influence disease severity and response to therapy | OMIM, NCBI |
| Atherosclerosis | CCR5-mediated monocyte recruitment contributes to plaque formation | NCBI, OMIM |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lymph node | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 10.8 | Medium |
| Appendix | 9.2 | Medium |
| Lung | 4.1 | Low |
| Small intestine | 3.5 | Low |
| Bone marrow | 2.9 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 15.3 | High expression |
| Jurkat (T cell) | 12.1 | High expression |
| HEK 293 | 0.8 | Low expression |
| HeLa | 1.2 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| CCR5-Δ32 (rs333) | Deletion (32 bp) | ~10% in Europeans | Loss of function; confers HIV-1 resistance |
| CCR5-Δ24 | Deletion (24 bp) | Rare | Loss of function |
| CCR5-Δ19 | Deletion (19 bp) | Rare | Loss of function |
| CCR5-Δ7 | Deletion (7 bp) | Rare | Loss of function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
CCR5-Δ32 and other deletions result in a truncated, non-functional receptor that cannot serve as an HIV-1 co-receptor.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No well-characterized gain-of-function mutations reported in CCR5.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not described for CCR5.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • GO:0004930 - G protein-coupled receptor activity | • GO:0016493 - C-C chemokine receptor activity |
| • GO:0006955 - immune response | • GO:0007165 - signal transduction |
| • GO:0016021 - integral component of membrane | • GO:0005886 - plasma membrane |
Pathways
• Chemokine signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04062)
• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (KEGG: hsa04060)
• HIV-1 entry into host cell (Reactome: R-HSA-173107)
Protein Summary
CCR5 is a 352-amino acid G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains. It is expressed on the surface of immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Upon binding chemokines such as CCL5 (RANTES), CCR5 activates downstream signaling pathways that mediate chemotaxis and immune cell activation. The receptor is also exploited by HIV-1 as a co-receptor for viral entry. The CCR5-Δ32 mutation, common in European populations, results in a truncated protein that is not expressed on the cell surface, providing strong resistance to HIV-1 infection.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCR5 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDC07536 | Human | 1234 | Details Get a Quote |
| CCR5 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ52933 | Human | 1234 | Details Get a Quote |
| CCR5 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61401 | Human | 1234 | Details Get a Quote |
| CCR5 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ69895 | Human | 1234 | Details Get a Quote |
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