CCL4 Gene: Function, Expression, and Role in Disease | MIP-1β

CCL4 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4) encodes a monokine with inflammatory and chemotactic properties. The protein, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1β), is a member of the CC chemokine family. It functions by binding to chemokine receptors such as CCR5 and CCR8. CCL4 is a major HIV-suppressive factor produced by CD8+ T-cells and plays a crucial role in recruiting immune cells to sites of infection and inflammation. It is involved in various inflammatory diseases, viral infections, and cancer.

Tissue Expression

Cell Line Expression

Hotspot Mutations

Mutation functional classification

• Chemokine signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04062)

• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (KEGG: hsa04060)

• Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04620)

• HIV life cycle (Reactome: R-HSA-162909)

CCL4 encodes a 92-amino acid precursor protein (MIP-1β) that is processed to a mature 69-amino acid secreted chemokine. It forms a homodimer and binds to CCR5 and CCR8 receptors. The protein is a potent chemoattractant for monocytes, T-cells, and natural killer cells. It is stored in platelets and released upon activation. CCL4 is also a major HIV-suppressive factor, as it competes with the virus for CCR5 binding.