CCL2: C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2

Key mediator of monocyte/macrophage recruitment and inflammation

Gene Information Card

Symbol CCL2
Full Name C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2
Gene Type protein-coding
Chromosomal Location 17q12
NCBI Gene ID 6347 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6347
Ensembl ID ENSG00000108691
UniProt ID P13500
OMIM ID 158105
HGNC ID 10618
Aliases MCP-1, MCAF, SCYA2, GDCF-2, HC11, SMC-CF

Description

CCL2 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2), also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), is a chemokine that recruits monocytes, memory T cells, and dendritic cells to sites of inflammation. It signals through CCR2 and plays a central role in inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and tumor progression.

Disease Associations

Disease category Pathophysiological mechanism Genomic evidence
Atherosclerosis CCL2 recruits monocytes to arterial walls, promoting foam cell formation and plaque development OMIM 158105; NCBI Gene
Rheumatoid Arthritis Elevated CCL2 in synovial fluid attracts macrophages, driving joint inflammation OMIM 158105; NCBI Gene
Multiple Sclerosis CCL2/CCR2 axis mediates CNS infiltration of inflammatory cells OMIM 158105; NCBI Gene
Cancer (breast, prostate, ovarian) CCL2 promotes tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and metastasis COSMIC; NCBI Gene
Diabetic Nephropathy CCL2 overexpression in renal tissue correlates with macrophage infiltration and fibrosis OMIM 158105; NCBI Gene

Expression Profile

Tissue Expression
Tissue nTPM level
Adipose tissue 12.5 Medium
Lung 8.3 Medium
Spleen 15.1 High
Liver 6.7 Low
Kidney 9.2 Medium
Heart 4.1 Low
Cell Line Expression
Cell Line nTPM Notes
THP-1 (monocyte) 45.2 High baseline; induced by LPS
HeLa (cervical carcinoma) 3.8 Low constitutive
A549 (lung carcinoma) 7.1 Inducible by IL-1β
MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) 2.5 Low
HUVEC (endothelial) 22.0 High; induced by TNF-α
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）

Mutations & Variants

Hotspot Mutations
Variant Type Frequency Functional Description
rs1024611 (-2578A>G) SNP (promoter) Common (MAF ~0.45) Increased CCL2 expression; associated with atherosclerosis risk
rs2857656 (-2136T>C) SNP (promoter) Common (MAF ~0.30) Modulates transcription; linked to rheumatoid arthritis
c.275C>T (p.Ala92Val) Missense Rare Unknown functional impact; reported in COSMIC
Mutation functional classification

Loss of Function (LOF)

No well-characterized loss-of-function mutations reported in CCL2.

Gain of Function (GOF)

Promoter SNPs (e.g., rs1024611) increase transcription, leading to elevated CCL2 levels and enhanced inflammatory response.

Dominant Negative (DN)

Not described for CCL2.
View complete mutation data：
ClinVar：https://www.clinvar.com/gene/6347
COSMIC：https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=CCL2

Gene Ontology (GO)

• chemokine activity (GO:0008009) • inflammatory response (GO:0006954)
• chemotaxis (GO:0006935) • chemokine-mediated signaling pathway (GO:0070098)
• extracellular space (GO:0005615) • lymphocyte chemotaxis (GO:0048247)

Pathways

• Chemokine signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04062)
• Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (KEGG: hsa04060)
• Toll-like receptor signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04620)
• NF-kappa B signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04064)
• CCR2-mediated chemotaxis (Reactome: R-HSA-373076)

Protein Summary

CCL2 is a 99-amino-acid secreted chemokine (UniProt P13500) that forms a homodimer and binds to CCR2. It is produced by multiple cell types including monocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. The protein contains a conserved CC chemokine domain with four cysteine residues forming two disulfide bonds. Post-translational modifications include signal peptide cleavage (residues 1-23) and potential glycosylation. CCL2 is a key regulator of monocyte/macrophage trafficking and is implicated in chronic inflammation and cancer.

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Related Products

Product name Cat.No. Species Gene ID
CCL21 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ549 Human 6366 Details Get a Quote
CCL20 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ889 Human 6364 Details Get a Quote
CCL2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ995 Human 6347 Details Get a Quote
CCL25 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ1472 Human 6370 Details Get a Quote
CCL22 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ2433 Human 6367 Details Get a Quote
CCL23 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ5732 Human 6368 Details Get a Quote
CCL26 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ7014 Human 10344 Details Get a Quote
CCL24 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ12818 Human 6369 Details Get a Quote
CCL28 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ12819 Human 56477 Details Get a Quote
CCL2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ20029 Human 6347 Details Get a Quote
CCL20 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ21060 Human 6364 Details Get a Quote
CCL28 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ41953 Human 56477 Details Get a Quote
CCL2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ18711 Human 6347 Details Get a Quote
CCL26 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ31752 Human 10344 Details Get a Quote
CCL27 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ51011 Human 10850 Details Get a Quote
Displaying Records 1 To 15 Of 40 Records

Reference Databases

NCBI Gene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6347
OMIM https://www.omim.org/entry/158105
HGNC https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:10618
Ensembl https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000108691
UniProt https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P13500
ClinVar https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/?term=CCL2%5Bgene%5D
COSMIC https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=CCL2
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