CASTOR2
Cytosolic Arginine Sensor for mTORC1 Subunit 2
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | CASTOR2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Cytosolic Arginine Sensor for mTORC1 Subunit 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 7q11.23 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 653319 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/653319 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000188641 |
| UniProt ID | Q6BDS2 |
| OMIM ID | 617074 |
| HGNC ID | 33793 |
| Aliases | GATSL3, GATS-like protein 3 |
Description
CASTOR2 encodes a cytosolic protein that functions as an arginine sensor for the mTORC1 signaling pathway. It negatively regulates mTORC1 activity in response to arginine deprivation by binding to GATOR2 complex, thereby inhibiting Sestrin2-mediated signaling. The gene is located on chromosome 7q11.23 and is expressed in multiple tissues.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (general) | Dysregulation of mTORC1 signaling via altered arginine sensing may promote cell growth and proliferation. | COSMIC; literature |
| Metabolic disorders | Impaired arginine sensing could affect nutrient-responsive mTORC1 activity, contributing to metabolic dysregulation. | OMIM; literature |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Testis | 12.5 | Medium |
| Kidney | 8.3 | Medium |
| Liver | 6.1 | Low |
| Brain | 4.2 | Low |
| Heart | 3.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 15.2 | High expression |
| HeLa | 10.1 | Moderate expression |
| HepG2 | 7.4 | Low expression |
| K562 | 5.6 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.337C>T (p.Arg113Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.502G>A (p.Gly168Arg) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in CASTOR2.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in CASTOR2.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No confirmed dominant-negative mutations reported in CASTOR2.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • protein binding (GO:0005515) | • cytosol (GO:0005829) |
| • cellular response to amino acid stimulus (GO:0032869) | • regulation of TOR signaling (GO:0032006) |
Pathways
• mTORC1 signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-165159)
• Amino acid sensing (Reactome: R-HSA-9639288)
Protein Summary
CASTOR2 is a 40 kDa cytosolic protein that belongs to the CASTOR family. It contains a conserved GAT domain and functions as an arginine sensor. Upon arginine binding, CASTOR2 dissociates from GATOR2, relieving inhibition of mTORC1. It shares structural similarity with CASTOR1 and is involved in nutrient-dependent growth control.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CASTOR2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1159 | Human | 729438 | Details Get a Quote |
| CASTOR2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ19057 | Human | 729438 | Details Get a Quote |
| CASTOR2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20402 | Human | 729438 | Details Get a Quote |
| CASTOR2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20404 | Human | 729438 | Details Get a Quote |
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