BTG2: BTG Anti-Proliferation Factor 2
A key regulator of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and tumor suppression
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | BTG2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | BTG anti-proliferation factor 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1q32.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 7832 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/7832 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000159388 |
| UniProt ID | P78543 |
| OMIM ID | 601597 |
| HGNC ID | 1125 |
| Aliases | PC3, TIS21, BTG2, NGF-inducible anti-proliferative protein PC3 |
Description
BTG2 (BTG anti-proliferation factor 2) is a member of the BTG/Tob family of anti-proliferative proteins. It functions as a tumor suppressor by regulating cell cycle progression, promoting apoptosis, and modulating transcription. BTG2 is induced by various stimuli including DNA damage, growth factors, and hormones, and its expression is frequently downregulated in multiple cancers.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Loss of BTG2 expression leads to increased cell proliferation and reduced apoptosis; epigenetic silencing via promoter methylation | PMID: 19029980 |
| Prostate cancer | BTG2 downregulation correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis; acts via AR signaling | PMID: 16959974 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Reduced BTG2 expression promotes cell cycle progression and metastasis | PMID: 21750108 |
| Colorectal cancer | BTG2 inactivation via promoter hypermethylation contributes to tumorigenesis | PMID: 20013801 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Heart | 8.3 | Low |
| Liver | 6.7 | Low |
| Lung | 15.2 | Medium |
| Kidney | 9.8 | Low |
| Testis | 22.1 | High |
| Breast | 11.4 | Medium |
| Prostate | 14.6 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 18.3 | Moderate expression; reduced in aggressive subtypes |
| PC3 (prostate cancer) | 5.2 | Low expression; associated with metastatic phenotype |
| HepG2 (liver cancer) | 7.1 | Reduced compared to normal hepatocytes |
| A549 (lung cancer) | 12.8 | Variable; induced by DNA damage |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | Missense | <0.1% | Likely loss of start codon; predicted loss of function |
| c.214C>T (p.Arg72Trp) | Missense | <0.1% | Rare; functional impact unknown |
| c.328_329del (p.Leu110fs) | Frameshift | <0.1% | Truncating; loss of function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Most reported BTG2 mutations are truncating or missense variants that impair its anti-proliferative activity, leading to reduced cell cycle arrest and increased tumorigenic potential.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations have been documented for BTG2.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations have been reported for BTG2.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• p53 signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-3700989)
• Cell cycle arrest (KEGG: hsa04110)
• Apoptosis (KEGG: hsa04210)
Protein Summary
BTG2 is a 158-amino acid protein (17 kDa) localized to the nucleus. It contains a conserved BTG domain that mediates interactions with transcription factors and chromatin modifiers. BTG2 inhibits cell cycle progression at G1/S phase by regulating cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression. It also promotes apoptosis through p53-dependent and independent mechanisms. The protein is rapidly induced by DNA damage, growth factors, and hormones, and its loss is associated with cancer progression.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BTG2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ6128 | Human | 7832 | Details Get a Quote |
| BTG2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ28595 | Human | 7832 | Details Get a Quote |
| BTG2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ29898 | Human | 7832 | Details Get a Quote |
| BTG2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ29899 | Human | 7832 | Details Get a Quote |
