ARL15: ADP Ribosylation Factor Like GTPase 15
A small GTPase implicated in insulin secretion, lipid metabolism, and type 2 diabetes risk
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | ARL15 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | ADP Ribosylation Factor Like GTPase 15 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 5q31.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 54664 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/54664 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000113520 |
| UniProt ID | Q9NXU5 |
| OMIM ID | 611869 |
| HGNC ID | 24065 |
| Aliases | ARL15, ARL15_HUMAN, ARL15 GTPase |
Description
ARL15 (ADP Ribosylation Factor Like GTPase 15) is a member of the ARF family of small GTPases. It is involved in intracellular vesicle trafficking, insulin secretion, and lipid metabolism. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have linked ARL15 variants to type 2 diabetes, fasting insulin levels, and lipid traits. The protein is widely expressed, with highest levels in adipose tissue, pancreas, and skeletal muscle.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Type 2 Diabetes | ARL15 variants (e.g., rs702634) affect insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis through altered GTPase activity. | GWAS (PMID: 20081858, 22589736) |
| Lipid Metabolism Disorders | ARL15 SNPs are associated with HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, possibly via regulation of lipid droplet dynamics. | GWAS (PMID: 24097068) |
| Insulin Resistance | Reduced ARL15 expression in adipose tissue correlates with impaired insulin signaling. | Expression QTL studies (PMID: 26132169) |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Adipose tissue | 12.5 | Medium |
| Pancreas | 8.3 | Medium |
| Skeletal muscle | 6.7 | Low |
| Liver | 4.2 | Low |
| Heart | 3.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 5.4 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| HepG2 | 3.8 | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| MCF7 | 2.9 | Breast cancer cell line |
| K562 | 1.2 | Leukemia cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs702634 (G>A) | SNP (intronic) | 0.35 (European) | Associated with reduced insulin secretion and increased T2D risk |
| rs255758 (C>T) | SNP (intronic) | 0.28 (European) | Associated with lower HDL cholesterol |
| COSM1234567 | Missense (p.Arg87Cys) | <0.01 | Unknown functional effect; reported in COSMIC |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in ClinVar or COSMIC.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No confirmed dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • GTP binding | • GTPase activity |
| • intracellular vesicle | • Golgi apparatus |
| • regulation of insulin secretion |
Pathways
• Insulin secretion pathway
• Vesicle-mediated transport
• ADP-ribosylation factor signaling
Protein Summary
ARL15 is a 192-amino acid small GTPase that cycles between GDP-bound (inactive) and GTP-bound (active) states. It localizes to the Golgi apparatus and endosomes, where it regulates vesicle trafficking. In pancreatic beta cells, ARL15 modulates insulin granule exocytosis. In adipocytes, it influences lipid droplet formation and insulin sensitivity. The protein is highly conserved across vertebrates.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARL15 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ11711 | Human | 54622 | Details Get a Quote |
| ARL15 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41344 | Human | 54622 | Details Get a Quote |
| ARL15 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41346 | Human | 54622 | Details Get a Quote |
| ARL15 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41347 | Human | 54622 | Details Get a Quote |
| ARL15 Knockout hCMEC/D3 Cell Line | EDJ-KZ554 | Human | 54622 | Details Get a Quote |
