APOBEC3G
Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3G
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | APOBEC3G |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3G |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 22q13.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 60489 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/60489 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000139737 |
| UniProt ID | Q9HC16 |
| OMIM ID | 607113 |
| HGNC ID | 17357 |
| Aliases | A3G, ARCD, bK150C2.7, MDS019, dJ494G10.1, FLJ12740, FLJ13241 |
Description
APOBEC3G encodes a member of the apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family. The protein is a cytidine deaminase that catalyzes the deamination of cytosine to uracil in single-stranded DNA, playing a critical role in innate immunity by restricting retroviruses such as HIV-1. It also contributes to the regulation of endogenous retroelements and has been implicated in cancer mutagenesis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| HIV-1 infection | APOBEC3G restricts HIV-1 replication by deaminating viral cDNA; Vif protein counteracts this activity | PMID: 12660167 |
| Cancer (various) | APOBEC3G-mediated mutagenesis contributes to tumor heterogeneity and genomic instability | PMID: 23563182 |
| Hyper-IgM syndrome type 2 | Defects in AID (related APOBEC) cause this disorder; APOBEC3G not directly implicated | PMID: 12692552 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lymph node | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 11.8 | Medium |
| Bone marrow | 9.2 | Medium |
| Lung | 4.1 | Low |
| Liver | 2.3 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK 293 | 15.2 | High expression |
| HeLa | 10.5 | Medium expression |
| Jurkat | 18.7 | High expression |
| HepG2 | 3.8 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| H186R | Missense | 0.01% (gnomAD) | Reduced deaminase activity |
| I244V | Missense | 0.05% | No known functional effect |
| K301E | Missense | 0.02% | Altered subcellular localization |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
H186R reduces catalytic activity and antiviral potency.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No well-characterized gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not described for APOBEC3G.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • cytidine deaminase activity | • zinc ion binding |
| • single-stranded DNA binding | • RNA binding |
| • defense response to virus | • negative regulation of viral genome replication |
| • DNA deamination | • innate immune response |
Pathways
• Innate Immune System (Reactome: R-HSA-168249)
• Antiviral mechanism by IFN-stimulated genes (Reactome: R-HSA-1169410)
• APOBEC3G mediated resistance to HIV-1 (Reactome: R-HSA-180689)
Protein Summary
APOBEC3G is a 384-amino acid protein containing two cytidine deaminase domains, though only the C-terminal domain is catalytically active. It localizes to the cytoplasm and is packaged into HIV-1 virions, where it deaminates viral cDNA during reverse transcription, leading to G-to-A hypermutation and viral inactivation. The HIV-1 Vif protein targets APOBEC3G for proteasomal degradation, a key mechanism of immune evasion.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOBEC3G Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1894 | Human | 60489 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOBEC3G Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ23159 | Human | 60489 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOBEC3G Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ56980 | Human | 60489 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOBEC3G Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ65482 | Human | 60489 | Details Get a Quote |
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