AMIGO2 Gene - Adhesion Molecule with Ig-like Domain 2 | Function, Mutations & Disease

AMIGO2 (Adhesion Molecule with Ig-like Domain 2) encodes a type I transmembrane protein containing leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and an immunoglobulin-like domain. It is a member of the AMIGO family, which mediates homophilic and heterophilic cell-cell adhesion. AMIGO2 is involved in neuronal survival, axon guidance, and fasciculation. It also plays a role in cancer cell migration, invasion, and metastasis, particularly in gastric, colorectal, and breast cancers. The gene is located on chromosome 12q13.11 and is expressed in brain, heart, and various tumor tissues.

Tissue Expression

Cell Line Expression

Hotspot Mutations

Mutation functional classification

• PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (Reactome R-HSA-1257604)

• Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) (KEGG hsa04514)

• Axon guidance (KEGG hsa04360)

AMIGO2 is a 497-amino-acid type I transmembrane glycoprotein with an N-terminal signal peptide, six leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a single immunoglobulin-like C2-type domain, a transmembrane region, and a cytoplasmic tail. It forms homodimers and mediates calcium-independent cell adhesion. The protein is highly expressed in the developing and adult nervous system, where it promotes neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. In cancer, AMIGO2 overexpression enhances tumor cell adhesion, migration, and invasion, often through activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Its extracellular LRR and Ig domains are critical for adhesion, while the cytoplasmic domain interacts with intracellular signaling molecules.