ADPGK: ADP-Dependent Glucokinase
A key metabolic enzyme linking glycolysis to cellular energy homeostasis
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | ADPGK |
|---|---|
| Full Name | ADP-Dependent Glucokinase |
| Gene Type | Protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 15q24.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 83440 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/83440 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000159388 |
| UniProt ID | Q9BRT8 |
| OMIM ID | 612461 |
| HGNC ID | 25285 |
| Aliases | ADPGK, ADP-GK, GK, GLUK, MGC138290 |
Description
ADPGK encodes ADP-dependent glucokinase, an enzyme that phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using ADP as the phosphoryl donor instead of ATP. This alternative glycolytic pathway is important under conditions of low ATP or high ADP, linking glucose metabolism to cellular energy status. The gene is expressed in various tissues and is implicated in metabolic regulation and cancer.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Diabetes mellitus (type 2) | Altered glucose sensing and insulin secretion due to impaired ADP-dependent glycolysis | PMID: 23434555 |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | Upregulation of ADPGK supports glycolytic flux and tumor growth under hypoxic conditions | PMID: 28723890 |
| Colorectal cancer | ADPGK overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and enhanced Warburg effect | PMID: 31073040 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 12.5 | Medium |
| Pancreas | 8.3 | Low |
| Kidney | 10.1 | Medium |
| Brain | 6.7 | Low |
| Heart | 4.2 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 15.8 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| MCF7 | 9.4 | Breast cancer cell line |
| HEK293 | 7.2 | Embryonic kidney cells |
| HeLa | 11.3 | Cervical cancer cells |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.104C>T (p.Pro35Leu) | Missense | 0.001% (gnomAD) | Reduced catalytic activity in vitro |
| c.487G>A (p.Gly163Arg) | Missense | 0.002% (gnomAD) | Altered substrate specificity |
| c.742_744del (p.Lys248del) | In-frame deletion | Rare | Loss of ADP binding |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Missense variants (e.g., Pro35Leu) reduce enzymatic activity, impairing glucose phosphorylation under high ADP conditions.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in literature or databases.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No evidence for dominant-negative effects; ADPGK functions as a monomer.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • GO:0004340 - glucokinase activity | • GO:0005524 - ATP binding |
| • GO:0016301 - kinase activity | • GO:0006006 - glucose metabolic process |
| • GO:0006096 - glycolytic process | • GO:0005737 - cytoplasm |
Pathways
• Glycolysis (Reactome: R-HSA-70171)
• Glucose metabolism (KEGG: hsa00010)
• ADP-dependent glucokinase pathway (MetaCyc: PWY-7021)
Protein Summary
ADP-dependent glucokinase (ADPGK) is a 55 kDa monomeric enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose using ADP as the phosphate donor, producing glucose-6-phosphate and AMP. This reaction provides an alternative entry point into glycolysis under energy-depleted conditions. The protein is localized in the cytoplasm and is highly expressed in liver and kidney. Structural studies reveal a unique ADP-binding pocket distinct from ATP-dependent hexokinases.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADPGK Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ2820 | Human | 83440 | Details Get a Quote |
| ADPGK Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ22418 | Human | 83440 | Details Get a Quote |
| ADPGK Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ23786 | Human | 83440 | Details Get a Quote |
| ADPGK Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ23788 | Human | 83440 | Details Get a Quote |
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