ACTR3 (Actin Related Protein 3)
Core Component of the ARP2/3 Complex: Regulator of Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cell Motility
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | ACTR3 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Actin Related Protein 3 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 2q14.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 10096 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10096 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000115091 |
| UniProt ID | P61158 |
| OMIM ID | 604222 |
| HGNC ID | 170 |
| Aliases | ARP3 |
Description
ACTR3 encodes Actin Related Protein 3 (ARP3), a major component of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex is essential for nucleating branched actin filaments, driving cell shape changes, motility, and intracellular transport. ARP3 binds ATP and interacts with actin monomers and the ARP2/3 complex subunits to initiate actin polymerization at the plasma membrane.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Pancreatic cancer | Overexpression of ACTR3 enhances ARP2/3 activity, promoting invasive cell migration and metastasis. | PMID: 25605247 |
| Breast cancer | ACTR3 upregulation correlates with increased lamellipodia formation and metastatic potential. | PMID: 26921321 |
| Colorectal cancer | ACTR3 amplification leads to aberrant actin dynamics, contributing to tumor progression. | PMID: 28397828 |
| Immunodeficiency (rare) | Loss-of-function mutations in ACTR3 impair immune cell migration and phagocytosis. | PMID: 31073040 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 28.5 | High |
| Lung | 22.1 | Medium |
| Liver | 15.3 | Medium |
| Heart | 18.7 | Medium |
| Skeletal Muscle | 12.4 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 35.2 | Cervical cancer cell line; high expression |
| A549 | 29.8 | Lung adenocarcinoma cell line |
| MCF7 | 26.4 | Breast cancer cell line |
| HEK293 | 31.1 | Embryonic kidney cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.632C>T (p.Thr211Ile) | Missense | <0.1% | Reduced ARP2/3 complex stability and actin nucleation activity |
| c.1045G>A (p.Gly349Arg) | Missense | <0.1% | Impaired ATP binding and complex assembly |
| c.1234_1235insA | Frameshift | <0.1% | Loss of function; truncated protein |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Missense and frameshift mutations that disrupt ATP binding, complex assembly, or protein stability lead to reduced actin nucleation and cell motility.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not well documented; overexpression in cancers may confer gain-of-function through increased ARP2/3 activity.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Certain missense mutations (e.g., p.Thr211Ile) may produce a dominant-negative effect by incorporating into the complex and impairing function.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • actin filament polymerization | • actin cytoskeleton organization |
| • ATP binding | • structural constituent of cytoskeleton |
| • cell migration | • lamellipodium assembly |
Pathways
• ARP2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation (Reactome: R-HSA-201688)
• Regulation of actin cytoskeleton (KEGG: hsa04810)
• Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis (KEGG: hsa04666)
Protein Summary
Actin Related Protein 3 (ARP3) is a 418-amino acid protein (47 kDa) that belongs to the actin family. It forms a heterodimer with ARP2 and binds ATP, which is required for the nucleation of branched actin filaments. ARP3 localizes to the leading edge of motile cells and is essential for lamellipodia formation, endocytosis, and intracellular pathogen motility.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ACTR3B Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ12275 | Human | 57180 | Details Get a Quote |
| ACTR3C Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ12276 | Human | 653857 | Details Get a Quote |
| ACTR3B Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41078 | Human | 57180 | Details Get a Quote |
| ACTR3B Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41079 | Human | 57180 | Details Get a Quote |
| ACTR3C Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41081 | Human | 653857 | Details Get a Quote |
| ACTR3B Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ39836 | Human | 57180 | Details Get a Quote |
| ACTR3C Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ69138 | Human | 653857 | Details Get a Quote |
| ACTR3C Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ77490 | Human | 653857 | Details Get a Quote |
