ACTR2: Actin-Related Protein 2, Core Component of the ARP2/3 Complex
Essential regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics, cell motility, and intracellular transport
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | ACTR2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Actin Related Protein 2 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 2p14 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 10097 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10097 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000138071 |
| UniProt ID | P61160 |
| OMIM ID | 604221 |
| HGNC ID | 169 |
| Aliases | ARP2, ARP2/3 complex 34 kDa subunit |
Description
ACTR2 encodes actin-related protein 2 (ARP2), a core component of the ARP2/3 complex. This complex nucleates actin filaments and regulates actin polymerization, essential for cell motility, endocytosis, and intracellular transport. ARP2 binds ATP and interacts with WASP/WAVE family proteins to initiate branched actin networks.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (metastasis) | Overexpression of ACTR2 enhances ARP2/3 complex activity, promoting lamellipodia formation and invasive cell migration. | NCBI Gene, COSMIC |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | De novo missense variants in ACTR2 impair actin nucleation, leading to altered neuronal migration and synaptic plasticity. | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Immunodeficiency | Defective ARP2/3 complex in immune cells reduces chemotaxis and phagocytosis. | NCBI Gene |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Lung | 10.3 | Medium |
| Liver | 8.7 | Low |
| Kidney | 11.1 | Medium |
| Heart | 9.4 | Low |
| Skeletal Muscle | 7.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 15.6 | High expression |
| HEK293 | 13.2 | Medium expression |
| A549 | 14.8 | High expression |
| MCF7 | 11.9 | Medium expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.113C>T (p.Thr38Ile) | Missense | <0.01% | Reduced ATP binding and actin nucleation |
| c.497G>A (p.Arg166Gln) | Missense | <0.01% | Impaired ARP2/3 complex assembly |
| c.832G>A (p.Glu278Lys) | Missense | <0.01% | Altered interaction with WASP |
| c.1003C>T (p.Arg335Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Dominant-negative effect on actin polymerization |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Missense variants (e.g., p.Thr38Ile) reduce ATP binding and actin nucleation, impairing ARP2/3 complex activity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not well documented; overexpression in cancer may lead to increased cell motility.
Dominant Negative (DN)
p.Arg335Trp disrupts complex function and inhibits wild-type ARP2 activity.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • actin filament nucleation | • actin cytoskeleton organization |
| • ATP binding | • structural constituent of cytoskeleton |
| • cell migration | • endocytosis |
Pathways
• Regulation of actin cytoskeleton (KEGG: hsa04810)
• ARP2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation (Reactome: R-HSA-201688)
• WASP/WAVE signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-5663213)
Protein Summary
ACTR2 encodes actin-related protein 2 (ARP2), a 394-amino acid protein that forms the ARP2/3 complex with ARPC1-5. ARP2 binds ATP and, together with ARP3, nucleates new actin filaments from the side of existing filaments, creating branched networks. This process is critical for cell motility, endocytosis, and intracellular transport. Mutations in ACTR2 are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer metastasis.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PHACTR2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ6729 | Human | 9749 | Details Get a Quote |
| PHACTR2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31116 | Human | 9749 | Details Get a Quote |
| PHACTR2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31117 | Human | 9749 | Details Get a Quote |
| PHACTR2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31118 | Human | 9749 | Details Get a Quote |
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