TREM1: Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1
Key regulator of innate immune responses and inflammatory signaling
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | TREM1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 6p21.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 54210 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/54210 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000124731 |
| UniProt ID | Q9NP99 |
| OMIM ID | 605085 |
| HGNC ID | 17760 |
| Aliases | CD354, TREM-1 |
Description
TREM1 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 1) is a cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It is primarily expressed on neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages. TREM1 amplifies inflammatory responses by synergizing with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, leading to increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. It plays a critical role in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, including sepsis, pneumonia, and autoimmune diseases.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Sepsis | TREM1 amplifies TLR signaling, leading to excessive cytokine release and systemic inflammation | PMID: 11489941 |
| Inflammatory Bowel Disease | Upregulated TREM1 expression on intestinal macrophages contributes to chronic inflammation | PMID: 19029981 |
| Rheumatoid Arthritis | TREM1 activation on synovial macrophages promotes joint inflammation and destruction | PMID: 17360460 |
| Pneumonia | TREM1 enhances neutrophil recruitment and cytokine production in lung infection | PMID: 15187188 |
| Atherosclerosis | TREM1 expressed on plaque macrophages promotes vascular inflammation | PMID: 19505939 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lung | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 8.3 | Medium |
| Bone Marrow | 15.2 | High |
| Blood | 9.1 | Medium |
| Liver | 2.4 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 18.7 | High expression after LPS stimulation |
| HL-60 (neutrophil-like) | 14.2 | Moderate expression |
| U937 (macrophage) | 11.5 | Inducible by inflammatory stimuli |
| K562 (erythroleukemia) | 0.8 | Very low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| rs2234246 | SNP | 0.15 (global) | Associated with altered TREM1 expression and sepsis risk |
| rs9471535 | SNP | 0.22 (global) | Linked to inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility |
| c.314A>G | Missense | <0.01 | p.Asn105Ser; potential effect on receptor function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Rare missense variants (e.g., p.Asn105Ser) may reduce receptor signaling capacity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not well characterized; some SNPs (e.g., rs2234246) are associated with increased expression and heightened inflammatory response.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No known dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • transmembrane signaling receptor activity (GO:0004888) | • signal transduction (GO:0007165) |
| • inflammatory response (GO:0006954) | • plasma membrane (GO:0005886) |
| • innate immune response (GO:0045087) |
Pathways
• TREM1 Signaling Pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-2029480)
• Toll-like Receptor Cascades (Reactome: R-HSA-168898)
• Innate Immune System (Reactome: R-HSA-168249)
Protein Summary
TREM1 is a 234-amino-acid transmembrane glycoprotein with a single extracellular immunoglobulin-like domain and a short cytoplasmic tail that associates with DAP12 (TYROBP) for signaling. Upon ligand binding, TREM1 activates downstream pathways including SYK, PI3K, and MAPK, leading to calcium mobilization, cytoskeletal rearrangement, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-8. Soluble TREM1 (sTREM1) is released by proteolytic shedding and serves as a biomarker in sepsis and other inflammatory conditions.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TREM1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ15910 | Human | 54210 | Details Get a Quote |
| TREM1 Knockout HTR-8/SVneo Cell Line | EDJ-KZ60 | Human | 54210 | Details Get a Quote |
| TREM1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ56403 | Human | 54210 | Details Get a Quote |
| TREM1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ64895 | Human | 54210 | Details Get a Quote |
| TREM1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ73339 | Human | 54210 | Details Get a Quote |
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