STC1 (Stanniocalcin 1): A Multifunctional Glycoprotein Hormone in Calcium Regulation and Cancer
Explore the genomic architecture, tissue expression, disease associations, and mutation landscape of STC1, a gene encoding a secreted phosphoglycoprotein with roles in mineral homeostasis, cellular stress response, and tumor progression.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | STC1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Stanniocalcin 1 |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 8p21.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 6781 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6781 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000136718 |
| UniProt ID | P52823 |
| OMIM ID | 601185 |
| HGNC ID | 11373 |
| Aliases | STC, STC-1, FLJ25825 |
Description
STC1 encodes stanniocalcin 1, a secreted homodimeric glycoprotein hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis. It is widely expressed in mammalian tissues, with highest levels in the ovary, prostate, and thyroid. STC1 is involved in multiple physiological processes including mineral metabolism, cellular stress response, and angiogenesis. In cancer, STC1 exhibits dual roles, acting as a tumor suppressor in some contexts and as an oncogene in others, depending on the tissue and microenvironment. Its expression is induced by hypoxia and it modulates the unfolded protein response, making it a potential biomarker and therapeutic target.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (various types) | STC1 modulates tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis through regulation of calcium signaling, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. It can act as a tumor suppressor or oncogene depending on the cancer type. | COSMIC: STC1 is listed as a cancer gene with somatic mutations in multiple cancer types; ClinVar: no germline disease-causing variants reported, but expression changes are documented in literature. |
| Preeclampsia | Altered STC1 expression in placental tissue may contribute to abnormal trophoblast invasion and vascular remodeling, leading to hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. | ClinVar: no direct variant, but expression studies in NCBI GEO show differential regulation. |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | STC1 is upregulated in inflamed intestinal mucosa and may play a role in mucosal healing and regulation of inflammation. | NCBI Gene: expression data; no germline mutations. |
| Osteoarthritis | STC1 expression is increased in osteoarthritic cartilage and may influence chondrocyte metabolism and matrix degradation. | UniProt: tissue expression; literature evidence. |
| Cardiovascular disease | STC1 is induced by hypoxia and may protect cardiomyocytes from ischemic injury via calcium regulation. | NCBI Gene: expression in heart; no direct mutation. |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Ovary | 27.6 | High |
| Prostate | 24.3 | High |
| Thyroid | 20.1 | High |
| Kidney | 15.4 | Medium |
| Lung | 12.8 | Medium |
| Liver | 8.2 | Low |
| Brain | 5.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa (cervical cancer) | 18.5 | Moderate expression; hypoxia-inducible |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 22.3 | High expression; associated with estrogen receptor status |
| A549 (lung cancer) | 14.2 | Moderate; induced by TGF-beta |
| HepG2 (liver cancer) | 9.8 | Low; may be silenced by methylation |
| PC3 (prostate cancer) | 25.1 | High; linked to aggressive phenotype |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1Val) | Missense | 0.01% (COSMIC) | Potential loss of start codon; functional impact unknown |
| c.245C>T (p.Pro82Leu) | Missense | 0.02% (COSMIC) | Located in conserved region; may affect protein stability |
| c.512G>A (p.Arg171His) | Missense | 0.03% (COSMIC) | In glycosylation site; may alter secretion |
| c.789C>T (p.Ser263Phe) | Missense | 0.01% (COSMIC) | In C-terminal domain; possible effect on dimerization |
| c.1000G>A (p.Glu334Lys) | Missense | 0.02% (COSMIC) | In calcium-binding domain; may disrupt function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Rare missense mutations in conserved domains (e.g., p.Pro82Leu, p.Arg171His) may impair protein folding, glycosylation, or secretion, leading to reduced functional stanniocalcin 1. No clear loss-of-function germline mutations are reported in ClinVar.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Somatic copy number gains or overexpression in cancers (e.g., breast, prostate) may enhance oncogenic signaling, promoting cell survival and metastasis. Specific gain-of-function mutations are not well characterized.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No evidence for dominant-negative mutations; STC1 functions as a homodimer, but no dominant-negative variants have been reported in databases.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • calcium ion binding | • hormone activity |
| • extracellular space | • response to hypoxia |
| • regulation of cell population proliferation | • positive regulation of angiogenesis |
| • negative regulation of apoptotic process | • cellular response to endoplasmic reticulum stress |
Pathways
• Calcium signaling pathway
• HIF-1 signaling pathway
• Unfolded protein response (UPR)
• Regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)
Protein Summary
Stanniocalcin 1 is a secreted 247-amino acid glycoprotein that forms disulfide-linked homodimers. It contains an N-terminal signal peptide and multiple conserved cysteine residues. The protein binds calcium with low affinity and is involved in phosphate and calcium homeostasis. It is widely expressed in mammalian tissues and is induced by hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress. STC1 exerts its effects through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, modulating cellular calcium influx, mitochondrial respiration, and gene expression. In cancer, STC1 can promote tumor growth and metastasis by enhancing angiogenesis and suppressing immune responses, while in other contexts it may act as a tumor suppressor by inducing apoptosis. Its dual role makes it a context-dependent biomarker.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| STC1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3735 | Human | 6781 | Details Get a Quote |
| STC1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ25786 | Human | 6781 | Details Get a Quote |
| STC1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54584 | Human | 6781 | Details Get a Quote |
| STC1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71542 | Human | 6781 | Details Get a Quote |
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