SLC2A3 Gene (GLUT3): Function, Expression, Mutations, and Disease Associations | Biomedical Resource

The SLC2A3 gene encodes the glucose transporter type 3 (GLUT3), a member of the solute carrier family 2 of facilitative glucose transporters. GLUT3 is a high-affinity glucose transporter that facilitates glucose uptake across cell membranes, particularly in tissues with high glucose demand such as neurons, sperm, and platelets. It plays a critical role in cellular energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis. The gene is located on chromosome 12p13.31 and is expressed in various tissues, with highest levels in the brain. Mutations and altered expression of SLC2A3 have been implicated in several diseases, including certain cancers and neurological disorders.

Tissue Expression

Cell Line Expression

Hotspot Mutations

Mutation functional classification

• Glucose transport

• Glycolysis

• Insulin signaling pathway

• HIF-1 signaling pathway

• Central carbon metabolism in cancer

The SLC2A3 protein, also known as GLUT3, is a 496-amino acid facilitative glucose transporter with 12 transmembrane domains. It has a high affinity for glucose (Km ~1.4 mM), allowing efficient glucose uptake even at low extracellular glucose concentrations. GLUT3 is predominantly expressed in neurons, sperm, and platelets, where it ensures a steady glucose supply for energy metabolism. The protein is localized to the plasma membrane and intracellular vesicles, and its trafficking is regulated by various stimuli. GLUT3 plays a crucial role in brain glucose metabolism and is also upregulated in many cancers, contributing to the Warburg effect. Structural studies reveal a typical major facilitator superfamily fold, with a central substrate-binding cavity. Post-translational modifications include glycosylation, which is essential for proper function.