S100A9 (S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9)
A key pro-inflammatory alarmin and biomarker in inflammatory diseases and cancer
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | S100A9 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | S100 calcium binding protein A9 |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1q21.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 6280 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6280 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000163220 |
| UniProt ID | P06702 |
| OMIM ID | 123886 |
| HGNC ID | 10499 |
| Aliases | MRP14, calgranulin B, S100 calcium-binding protein A9, CAGB, CFAG, L1Ag, MIF, NIF, P14 |
Description
S100A9 encodes a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins. It forms a heterodimer with S100A8 (calgranulin A) to form calprotectin, a major pro-inflammatory complex. S100A9 is involved in innate immunity, neutrophil chemotaxis, and regulation of inflammation. It is overexpressed in many inflammatory and neoplastic conditions and serves as a biomarker for disease activity.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Rheumatoid arthritis | S100A9/S100A8 heterodimer promotes TLR4-mediated inflammation and osteoclast activation | PMID: 25758709 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease | Elevated fecal calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) reflects intestinal inflammation | PMID: 29453956 |
| Cystic fibrosis | S100A9 contributes to neutrophil-dominated airway inflammation | PMID: 22665439 |
| Colorectal cancer | S100A9 overexpression promotes tumor progression via MAPK/NF-κB signaling | PMID: 28251918 |
| Acute myeloid leukemia | S100A9 is a component of the leukemic stem cell signature | PMID: 28135247 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow | 125.2 | High |
| Spleen | 98.7 | High |
| Lung | 45.3 | Medium |
| Small intestine | 32.1 | Medium |
| Whole blood | 28.6 | Medium |
| Liver | 2.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| THP-1 (monocytic leukemia) | 156.8 | High expression |
| HL-60 (promyelocytic leukemia) | 112.4 | High expression |
| A549 (lung carcinoma) | 8.3 | Low expression |
| HeLa (cervical carcinoma) | 1.2 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.266G>A (p.Arg89His) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.301C>T (p.Arg101Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Reported in ClinVar as uncertain significance |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in S100A9.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in S100A9.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported in S100A9.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • calcium ion binding | • RAGE receptor binding |
| • TLR4 binding | • chemokine activity |
| • innate immune response | • neutrophil chemotaxis |
| • inflammatory response | • positive regulation of NF-κB transcription factor activity |
Pathways
• RAGE signaling pathway
• TLR4 signaling pathway
• IL-17 signaling pathway
• Neutrophil degranulation
Protein Summary
S100A9 (calgranulin B) is a 13.2 kDa calcium-binding protein predominantly expressed in neutrophils and monocytes. It forms a heterodimer with S100A8 to constitute calprotectin, which binds to TLR4 and RAGE to activate pro-inflammatory signaling cascades. S100A9 is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule released during cell stress and tissue damage, contributing to chronic inflammation and tumorigenesis.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S100A9 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDC90108 | Human | 6280 | Details Get a Quote |
| S100A9 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ5702 | Human | 6280 | Details Get a Quote |
| S100A9 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ54379 | Human | 6280 | Details Get a Quote |
| S100A9 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ71338 | Human | 6280 | Details Get a Quote |
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