RHOG Gene - Rho Family GTPase
A key regulator of cytoskeletal dynamics and cell migration
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | RHOG |
|---|---|
| Full Name | ras homolog family member G |
| Gene Type | protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 11p15.4 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 391 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/391 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000177119 |
| UniProt ID | P84095 |
| OMIM ID | 179505 |
| HGNC ID | 10001 |
| Aliases | ARHG, RhoG, RHOGTP |
Description
RHOG encodes a small GTPase of the Rho family that cycles between an active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound state. It regulates actin cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, migration, and phagocytosis. RHOG is activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and inactivated by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). It plays roles in neuronal development, immune cell function, and cancer metastasis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (various) | RHOG overexpression or hyperactivation promotes cell migration and invasion via Rac1 and Cdc42 signaling | COSMIC, literature |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | RHOG mutations may disrupt neuronal migration and dendritic spine formation | ClinVar, literature |
| Immunodeficiency | Altered RHOG function impairs phagocytosis and T-cell migration | UniProt, literature |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Lung | 10.2 | Medium |
| Liver | 8.9 | Low |
| Kidney | 11.3 | Medium |
| Testis | 15.1 | High |
| Spleen | 9.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 14.2 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| A549 | 13.5 | Lung cancer cell line |
| HEK293 | 11.8 | Embryonic kidney cells |
| Jurkat | 16.0 | T-cell leukemia line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.172C>T (p.Arg58Cys) | Missense | <0.01% | Altered GTP binding; potential gain-of-function |
| c.205G>A (p.Glu69Lys) | Missense | <0.01% | Reduced GAP-mediated inactivation; loss-of-function |
| c.310_312del (p.Lys104del) | In-frame deletion | <0.01% | Impaired membrane localization |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Mutations that impair GTP binding or GEF interaction reduce RHOG activity, affecting cytoskeletal dynamics.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Mutations that stabilize GTP-bound state or impair GAP binding lead to constitutive activation, promoting cell migration.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Mutations that sequester GEFs or prevent effector binding can inhibit wild-type RHOG function.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • GTPase activity | • GTP binding |
| • GDP binding | • protein binding |
| • actin cytoskeleton organization | • cell migration |
| • signal transduction | • small GTPase mediated signal transduction |
| • Rho protein signal transduction | • regulation of cell shape |
Pathways
• Rho GTPase cycle
• Rac1/Pak1/p38 MAPK pathway
• Regulation of actin cytoskeleton
• Fc gamma receptor-mediated phagocytosis
• Axon guidance
Protein Summary
RHOG is a 191-amino acid small GTPase (21 kDa) that localizes to the plasma membrane and endomembranes. It shares 72% sequence identity with Rac1 and Cdc42. RHOG activates downstream effectors such as ELMO/DOCK180 to promote Rac1 activation, leading to lamellipodia formation and cell migration. It also interacts with the exocyst complex for vesicle trafficking. Post-translational modifications include C-terminal prenylation for membrane anchoring.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RHOG Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1912 | Human | 391 | Details Get a Quote |
| RHOG Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21826 | Human | 391 | Details Get a Quote |
| RHOG Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21827 | Human | 391 | Details Get a Quote |
| RHOG Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ21828 | Human | 391 | Details Get a Quote |
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