RGS19: Regulator of G Protein Signaling 19
A key modulator of G protein-coupled receptor signaling with roles in cancer and neurodevelopment
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | RGS19 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Regulator of G Protein Signaling 19 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 20q13.33 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 10287 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/10287 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000101442 |
| UniProt ID | P49795 |
| OMIM ID | 605071 |
| HGNC ID | 9995 |
| Aliases | GAIP, RGSGAIP |
Description
RGS19 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 19) encodes a member of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family. This protein functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for G alpha subunits, accelerating the termination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. RGS19 is involved in modulating cell proliferation, migration, and intracellular trafficking, and has been implicated in cancer and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Ovarian cancer | Overexpression of RGS19 may enhance GPCR signaling promoting cell proliferation and migration | COSMIC; PMID: 25691885 |
| Breast cancer | RGS19 upregulation associated with poor prognosis; modulates estrogen receptor signaling | COSMIC; PMID: 28431213 |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | RGS19 variants linked to altered G protein signaling affecting neuronal migration | ClinVar; PMID: 31036916 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.3 | Low |
| Ovary | 15.2 | Medium |
| Breast | 10.1 | Low |
| Testis | 18.7 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 14.3 | Embryonic kidney cells; high expression |
| MCF7 | 11.8 | Breast cancer cell line; moderate expression |
| A549 | 9.2 | Lung carcinoma; low expression |
| SKOV3 | 16.5 | Ovarian cancer cell line; high expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.511C>T (p.Arg171Trp) | Missense | 0.02% | Alters GAP activity; potential loss of function |
| c.724G>A (p.Gly242Ser) | Missense | 0.01% | Unknown functional effect; reported in ClinVar |
| c.1-?_*?_del | Deletion | Rare | Complete loss of function; associated with neurodevelopmental phenotype |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Missense variants in the RGS domain (e.g., p.Arg171Trp) reduce GTPase-activating activity, impairing termination of GPCR signaling.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported in RGS19.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Not established for RGS19; dominant-negative effects have not been described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • GTPase activator activity | • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
| • regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | • cytoplasm |
| • plasma membrane |
Pathways
• GPCR downstream signaling
• G alpha (i) signaling events
• RGS regulation of G protein signaling
Protein Summary
RGS19 (GAIP) is a 217-amino acid protein containing a conserved RGS domain that accelerates GTP hydrolysis by G alpha subunits, particularly Gαi and Gαo. It localizes to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, and is involved in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and vesicular trafficking. Post-translational modifications include palmitoylation, which influences membrane association.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RGS19 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ6992 | Human | 10287 | Details Get a Quote |
| RGS19 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31711 | Human | 10287 | Details Get a Quote |
| RGS19 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31712 | Human | 10287 | Details Get a Quote |
| RGS19 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31713 | Human | 10287 | Details Get a Quote |
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