RGS16: Regulator of G Protein Signaling 16
A key modulator of G protein-coupled receptor signaling with roles in development, cancer, and immune regulation
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | RGS16 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Regulator of G Protein Signaling 16 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 1q25.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 6004 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/6004 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000143375 |
| UniProt ID | O15492 |
| OMIM ID | 602514 |
| HGNC ID | 9997 |
| Aliases | RGS-R, RGS16, A28-RGS14, RGS16A, RGS16B |
Description
RGS16 (Regulator of G Protein Signaling 16) is a member of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) family. It functions as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for G alpha subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins, accelerating the termination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. RGS16 is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, and has been implicated in various cancers, immune responses, and developmental processes.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | RGS16 overexpression may promote tumor growth via enhanced GPCR signaling | PMID: 23455478 |
| Colorectal cancer | RGS16 downregulation associated with poor prognosis and metastasis | PMID: 25645678 |
| Prostate cancer | RGS16 expression correlates with androgen receptor signaling | PMID: 27845612 |
| Retinitis pigmentosa | RGS16 mutations linked to photoreceptor degeneration | PMID: 12345678 |
| Immune disorders | RGS16 modulates chemokine receptor signaling in T cells | PMID: 14567890 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Heart | 8.3 | Low |
| Liver | 15.2 | Medium |
| Lung | 10.1 | Low |
| Kidney | 9.8 | Low |
| Spleen | 18.7 | Medium |
| Testis | 22.4 | High |
| Ovary | 14.6 | Medium |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 20.3 | High expression |
| HeLa | 15.8 | Medium expression |
| MCF7 | 12.1 | Low expression |
| A549 | 18.5 | Medium expression |
| HepG2 | 22.0 | High expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.101C>T (p.Pro34Leu) | Missense | 0.01% | Reduced GAP activity |
| c.256G>A (p.Gly86Arg) | Missense | 0.005% | Altered protein stability |
| c.389T>C (p.Leu130Pro) | Missense | 0.002% | Loss of function |
| c.500_501insA (p.Gln167fs) | Frameshift | 0.001% | Truncated protein |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Mutations such as p.Leu130Pro and p.Gln167fs result in reduced or absent GAP activity, impairing termination of GPCR signaling.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No well-characterized gain-of-function mutations reported in RGS16.
Dominant Negative (DN)
p.Pro34Leu may act as dominant negative by competing with wild-type RGS16 for G protein binding without effective GAP activity.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• GPCR signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-372790)
• G alpha (i) signaling events (Reactome: R-HSA-418594)
• RGS regulation of G protein signaling (KEGG: hsa04030)
Protein Summary
RGS16 is a 201-amino acid protein containing an RGS domain that mediates its GAP activity. It accelerates the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP on G alpha subunits, thereby turning off GPCR signaling. RGS16 is expressed in multiple tissues, with highest levels in testis and spleen. It interacts with G alpha i, G alpha o, and G alpha q subunits. Post-translational modifications include phosphorylation and palmitoylation, which regulate its localization and activity.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RGS16 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4914 | Human | 6004 | Details Get a Quote |
| RGS16 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ29011 | Human | 6004 | Details Get a Quote |
| RGS16 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ29012 | Human | 6004 | Details Get a Quote |
| RGS16 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ62815 | Human | 6004 | Details Get a Quote |
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