PTGER4 Gene (Prostaglandin E Receptor 4)
GPCR for PGE2 signaling in inflammation, immunity, and cancer
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | PTGER4 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Prostaglandin E Receptor 4 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 5p13.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 5734 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5734 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000171522 |
| UniProt ID | P35408 |
| OMIM ID | 601586 |
| HGNC ID | 9596 |
| Aliases | EP4, EP4R, PGE2 receptor EP4 subtype |
Description
PTGER4 encodes the prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP4, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). It activates Gs-mediated cAMP signaling and plays key roles in inflammation, immune modulation, bone metabolism, and cancer progression. The gene is located on chromosome 5p13.1 and is expressed in multiple tissues.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) | PTGER4 variants alter PGE2 signaling, affecting intestinal inflammation and mucosal integrity | GWAS (NCBI, OMIM) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | EP4 activation promotes synovial inflammation and bone erosion | Animal models and human association studies (NCBI) |
| Colorectal cancer | PGE2/EP4 signaling drives tumor growth, angiogenesis, and immune evasion | Preclinical and clinical evidence (COSMIC, NCBI) |
| Asthma | EP4 polymorphisms linked to airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation | Genetic association studies (ClinVar, OMIM) |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Kidney | 12.5 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.3 | Medium |
| Small intestine | 7.1 | Medium |
| Colon | 6.9 | Medium |
| Spleen | 5.4 | Low |
| Whole blood | 1.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 15.2 | High expression in recombinant systems |
| A549 (lung) | 8.7 | Endogenous expression |
| HCT116 (colon) | 6.3 | Moderate expression |
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 4.1 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | missense | <0.01% | Potential loss of start codon; uncertain significance (ClinVar) |
| c.665C>T (p.Pro222Leu) | missense | <0.01% | Unknown effect; reported in ClinVar |
| c.940G>A (p.Gly314Ser) | missense | <0.01% | Likely benign (ClinVar) |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function mutations reported in ClinVar or COSMIC for PTGER4.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G-protein coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930) | • prostaglandin E receptor activity (GO:0004957) |
| • adenylate cyclase-activating G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway (GO:0007189) | • inflammatory response (GO:0006954) |
| • positive regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling (GO:0030819) |
Pathways
• Prostanoid signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-418594)
• GPCR downstream signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-388396)
• PGE2-EP4 signaling in cancer (KEGG: hsa04726)
Protein Summary
PTGER4 (EP4) is a 488-amino-acid GPCR with seven transmembrane domains. It couples primarily to Gs, increasing intracellular cAMP. The receptor is activated by PGE2 and mediates diverse effects including vasodilation, pain, inflammation, and tumor promotion. It is a target for therapeutic modulation in inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PTGER4 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ5588 | Human | 5734 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTGER4 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ27605 | Human | 5734 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTGER4 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ28854 | Human | 5734 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTGER4 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ28855 | Human | 5734 | Details Get a Quote |
| PTGER4 Knockout RT-4 Cell Line | EDC07640 | Human | 5734 | Details Get a Quote |
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