PARP12: Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Family Member 12
A mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase involved in stress granule assembly, antiviral immunity, and cellular stress responses.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | PARP12 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 12 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 7q34 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 64761 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/64761 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000106031 |
| UniProt ID | Q9H0J9 |
| OMIM ID | 618083 |
| HGNC ID | 26319 |
| Aliases | ARTD12, ZC3HDC1, ZAP |
Description
PARP12 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 12) encodes a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of ADP-ribose from NAD+ to target proteins. It contains a C2H2-type zinc finger domain and a WWE domain, and localizes to cytoplasmic stress granules. PARP12 plays a role in antiviral innate immunity by inhibiting viral replication, and is involved in cellular stress responses, RNA metabolism, and regulation of translation. It is also implicated in cancer biology through its expression in various tumors.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Overexpression of PARP12 in breast cancer cells may promote tumor growth through modulation of stress granule dynamics and RNA metabolism. | NCBI Gene, COSMIC |
| Ovarian cancer | PARP12 expression is altered in ovarian cancer; potential role in DNA damage repair and chemoresistance. | COSMIC, ClinVar |
| Viral infections (e.g., Influenza A, HIV-1) | PARP12 restricts viral replication by ADP-ribosylating viral proteins and promoting stress granule formation. | UniProt, PubMed |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Lymph node | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 10.2 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.7 | Medium |
| Testis | 7.3 | Low |
| Brain | 4.1 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 15.3 | Cervical cancer cell line; high expression |
| A549 | 11.8 | Lung carcinoma cell line; moderate expression |
| MCF7 | 9.2 | Breast cancer cell line; moderate expression |
| HEK293 | 6.5 | Embryonic kidney cell line; low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1123C>T (p.Arg375Trp) | Missense | 0.02% (gnomAD) | Unknown; located in WWE domain, may affect protein-protein interactions |
| c.1450G>A (p.Glu484Lys) | Missense | 0.01% (gnomAD) | Unknown; located in catalytic domain, potential loss of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity |
| c.1789_1790insA (p.Thr597AsnfsTer5) | Frameshift | Rare | Loss of function; truncation of C-terminal region |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Frameshift and nonsense mutations that truncate the catalytic domain or disrupt zinc finger motifs lead to loss of ADP-ribosyltransferase activity and impaired stress granule localization.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No well-characterized gain-of-function mutations have been reported for PARP12.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Missense mutations in the WWE domain may interfere with dimerization or substrate recognition, potentially acting in a dominant-negative manner.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• ADP-ribosylation (Reactome: R-HSA-201681)
• Innate Immune System (Reactome: R-HSA-168249)
• Cellular responses to stress (Reactome: R-HSA-2262752)
Protein Summary
PARP12 is a 701-amino acid mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase that localizes to cytoplasmic stress granules. It contains an N-terminal C2H2 zinc finger domain, a central WWE domain, and a C-terminal catalytic ART domain. The protein modifies target proteins by transferring ADP-ribose from NAD+, regulating RNA metabolism, translation, and antiviral responses. PARP12 is expressed in immune tissues and is upregulated in response to interferon and cellular stress. Its activity is critical for restricting viral replication and modulating stress granule dynamics.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PARP12 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ14685 | Human | 64761 | Details Get a Quote |
| PARP12 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ44984 | Human | 64761 | Details Get a Quote |
| PARP12 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ44985 | Human | 64761 | Details Get a Quote |
| PARP12 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ44986 | Human | 64761 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 4 Of 4 Records
