OPN5 (Opsin 5)
A non-visual opsin involved in phototransduction and circadian rhythm regulation
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | OPN5 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Opsin 5 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 6p12.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 221391 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/221391 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000124818 |
| UniProt ID | Q6U736 |
| OMIM ID | 609337 |
| HGNC ID | 17165 |
| Aliases | GPR136, PGR12, neuropsin |
Description
OPN5 (opsin 5) encodes a member of the opsin family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that functions as a non-visual photoreceptor. It is sensitive to UV light (peak ~380 nm) and mediates phototransduction in various tissues, including the retina, skin, and brain. OPN5 plays a role in circadian photoentrainment, melanocyte pigmentation, and seasonal adaptation. It is also known as neuropsin.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) | OPN5 mediates UV light sensing in the retina and skin, influencing mood and circadian rhythms; dysregulation may contribute to SAD | PMID: 25855297 |
| Melanoma | OPN5 expression in melanocytes regulates UV-induced melanin synthesis; altered signaling may affect melanoma risk | PMID: 25855297 |
| Circadian rhythm sleep disorders | OPN5 contributes to photoentrainment of the suprachiasmatic nucleus; variants may disrupt circadian timing | PMID: 25855297 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Retina | 0.6 | Low |
| Skin | 1.2 | Low |
| Brain (cerebellum) | 0.3 | Low |
| Testis | 0.1 | Not detected |
| Liver | 0.0 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK293 | 0.0 | Not detected |
| Melanocytes | 1.5 | Low |
| Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) | 0.8 | Low |
| SH-SY5Y | 0.2 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.100C>T (p.Arg34Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.457G>A (p.Gly153Ser) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
No confirmed loss-of-function variants reported in ClinVar or COSMIC.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function variants reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No confirmed dominant-negative variants reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity (GO:0004930) | • Photoreceptor activity (GO:0009881) |
| • UV-A light sensing (GO:0009588) | • Circadian rhythm (GO:0007623) |
| • Melanin biosynthetic process (GO:0042438) |
Pathways
• Phototransduction (KEGG: hsa04744)
• GPCR signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-372790)
Protein Summary
OPN5 (neuropsin) is a 337-amino acid G protein-coupled receptor with seven transmembrane domains. It binds 11-cis-retinal as a chromophore and is activated by UV-A light (380 nm). Upon photoactivation, it couples to Gi/o proteins, leading to modulation of intracellular cAMP levels. OPN5 is expressed in retinal ganglion cells, keratinocytes, melanocytes, and brain regions involved in circadian regulation. It is essential for UV-induced melanogenesis and seasonal mood regulation.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OPN5 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ8816 | Human | 221391 | Details Get a Quote |
| OPN5 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ59161 | Human | 221391 | Details Get a Quote |
| OPN5 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ67635 | Human | 221391 | Details Get a Quote |
| OPN5 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ76019 | Human | 221391 | Details Get a Quote |
