MICAL2: Microtubule Associated Monooxygenase, Calponin And LIM Domain Containing 2
A key regulator of actin dynamics, cell migration, and neuronal development, implicated in cancer and neurological disorders.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | MICAL2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Microtubule Associated Monooxygenase, Calponin And LIM Domain Containing 2 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 11p15.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 9645 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9645 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000148848 |
| UniProt ID | O94851 |
| OMIM ID | 608887 |
| HGNC ID | 24694 |
| Aliases | MICAL-2, MICAL2A, MICAL2B, FLJ10154 |
Description
MICAL2 is a multidomain protein that acts as a flavoprotein monooxygenase, regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics through redox-dependent mechanisms. It is involved in semaphorin signaling, cell migration, axon guidance, and neuronal development. MICAL2 is overexpressed in various cancers and contributes to tumor progression and metastasis.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (multiple types) | Overexpression of MICAL2 promotes cell migration, invasion, and metastasis via actin depolymerization and activation of signaling pathways (e.g., Rac1). | COSMIC, NCBI Gene, PubMed |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | MICAL2 is involved in axon guidance and neuronal migration; dysregulation may contribute to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. | OMIM, NCBI Gene |
| Cardiovascular disease | MICAL2 regulates endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis; altered expression may affect vascular remodeling. | UniProt, PubMed |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 15.2 | Medium |
| Lung | 8.7 | Low |
| Heart | 6.3 | Low |
| Liver | 4.1 | Not detected |
| Kidney | 9.5 | Low |
| Testis | 20.1 | High |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HeLa | 12.4 | Cervical cancer cell line |
| A549 | 18.7 | Lung adenocarcinoma cell line |
| MCF7 | 9.8 | Breast cancer cell line |
| SH-SY5Y | 22.3 | Neuroblastoma cell line |
| HEK293 | 7.5 | Embryonic kidney cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1234C>T (p.Arg412Cys) | Missense | 0.02% (gnomAD) | Unknown; predicted damaging by SIFT/PolyPhen |
| c.567_568insA (p.Glu190fs) | Frameshift | Rare | Loss of function; truncation of protein |
| c.2345G>A (p.Gly782Asp) | Missense | 0.01% (gnomAD) | Unknown; located in LIM domain, may affect protein interactions |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Frameshift and nonsense mutations that truncate the protein, leading to loss of monooxygenase activity and actin-regulatory function.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Missense mutations in the catalytic domain that enhance enzyme activity or alter substrate specificity, potentially promoting cell migration.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Mutations in the calponin homology domain that disrupt actin binding but retain dimerization, interfering with wild-type MICAL2 function.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Semaphorin signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-373755)
• Rac1 signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-9013408)
• Actin cytoskeleton regulation (Reactome: R-HSA-5663205)
Protein Summary
MICAL2 is a 1118-amino acid protein containing a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding monooxygenase domain, a calponin homology (CH) domain, a LIM domain, and a coiled-coil region. It catalyzes the oxidation of actin methionine residues, leading to actin filament disassembly. MICAL2 also interacts with semaphorin receptors and regulates Rac1 activity, influencing cell morphology and migration. Its expression is enriched in the brain and testis, and it is upregulated in multiple cancers.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MICAL2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ6681 | Human | 9645 | Details Get a Quote |
| MICAL2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31014 | Human | 9645 | Details Get a Quote |
| MICAL2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31015 | Human | 9645 | Details Get a Quote |
| MICAL2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ31016 | Human | 9645 | Details Get a Quote |
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