MGST1: Microsomal Glutathione S-Transferase 1
Key enzyme in glutathione metabolism and cellular defense against oxidative stress
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | MGST1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Microsomal Glutathione S-Transferase 1 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 12p12.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 4257 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/4257 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000108384 |
| UniProt ID | P10620 |
| OMIM ID | 138320 |
| HGNC ID | 7060 |
| Aliases | GST12, MGST-I, MGST1 |
Description
MGST1 encodes a microsomal glutathione S-transferase that catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione to electrophilic compounds, playing a critical role in detoxification and protection against oxidative stress. The enzyme is a homotrimeric membrane protein localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and outer mitochondrial membrane. It is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, and its expression is associated with resistance to chemotherapy in various cancers.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cancer (various types) | Overexpression of MGST1 contributes to chemoresistance by detoxifying anticancer drugs | COSMIC, ClinVar |
| Oxidative stress-related disorders | MGST1 reduces cellular damage by conjugating glutathione to reactive oxygen species | NCBI Gene, UniProt |
| Inflammatory diseases | MGST1 modulates leukotriene C4 synthesis, affecting inflammatory responses | OMIM, UniProt |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 28.5 | High |
| Kidney | 15.2 | Medium |
| Lung | 12.8 | Medium |
| Heart | 8.1 | Low |
| Brain | 5.3 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 35.0 | Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line |
| A549 | 22.4 | Lung adenocarcinoma cell line |
| MCF7 | 18.7 | Breast cancer cell line |
| HeLa | 14.2 | Cervical cancer cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G | Missense | 0.01% | Reduced enzyme activity |
| c.112G>A | Missense | 0.02% | Altered substrate specificity |
| c.313C>T | Nonsense | 0.005% | Loss of function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Nonsense and frameshift mutations that truncate the protein, leading to loss of glutathione transferase activity.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not well documented; some missense variants may increase catalytic efficiency for specific substrates.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No known dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Glutathione metabolism (Reactome: R-HSA-156590)
• Phase II conjugation (Reactome: R-HSA-156580)
• Leukotriene synthesis (Reactome: R-HSA-2142696)
Protein Summary
MGST1 is a 17 kDa homotrimeric membrane protein with glutathione S-transferase activity. It catalyzes the conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide range of electrophilic substrates, including xenobiotics, endogenous toxins, and lipid peroxidation products. The enzyme is anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial outer membrane, protecting cells from oxidative damage and contributing to drug metabolism. Its overexpression in tumors is linked to chemoresistance.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MGST1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ4433 | Human | 4257 | Details Get a Quote |
| MGST1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ28210 | Human | 4257 | Details Get a Quote |
| MGST1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ28212 | Human | 4257 | Details Get a Quote |
| MGST1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ28213 | Human | 4257 | Details Get a Quote |
