HPGDS: Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase
Key enzyme in prostaglandin D2 biosynthesis, involved in allergic inflammation and mast cell function
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | HPGDS |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Hematopoietic Prostaglandin D Synthase |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 4q22.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 27306 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/27306 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000138684 |
| UniProt ID | O60760 |
| OMIM ID | 602598 |
| HGNC ID | 17825 |
| Aliases | GSTS, GSTS1, PGD2 synthase, H-PGDS |
Description
HPGDS encodes the hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase enzyme, which catalyzes the isomerization of prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) to prostaglandin D2 (PGD2). This enzyme is a member of the sigma class of glutathione S-transferases and is expressed primarily in mast cells, Th2 lymphocytes, and antigen-presenting cells. PGD2 plays a central role in allergic and inflammatory responses, including bronchoconstriction, vasodilation, and recruitment of inflammatory cells.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Allergic asthma | HPGDS-derived PGD2 acts on DP1 and DP2 receptors to promote airway inflammation and bronchoconstriction. | ClinVar, OMIM |
| Mastocytosis | Increased HPGDS expression in mast cells leads to elevated PGD2 levels, contributing to symptoms such as flushing and hypotension. | OMIM, NCBI |
| Atopic dermatitis | PGD2 from HPGDS in skin mast cells exacerbates Th2-mediated inflammation. | UniProt, ClinVar |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Bone marrow | 12.5 | Medium |
| Spleen | 8.3 | Medium |
| Lung | 6.1 | Low |
| Skin | 4.8 | Low |
| Small intestine | 3.2 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mast cell line HMC-1 | 15.2 | High expression |
| THP-1 (monocyte) | 7.8 | Moderate expression |
| Jurkat (T-cell) | 2.1 | Low expression |
| HeLa | 1.5 | Very low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.313G>A (p.Gly105Arg) | Missense | <0.01% | Reduced enzyme activity in vitro |
| c.487C>T (p.Arg163Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Altered substrate binding |
| c.1A>G (p.Met1Val) | Start loss | <0.01% | Loss of protein expression |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
c.1A>G (p.Met1Val) leads to complete loss of protein expression.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No gain-of-function mutations reported in COSMIC or ClinVar.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Prostaglandin synthesis and regulation (Reactome: R-HSA-2162123)
• Arachidonic acid metabolism (KEGG: hsa00590)
• Fc epsilon RI signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04664)
Protein Summary
HPGDS is a 199-amino acid cytosolic enzyme (molecular weight ~23 kDa) belonging to the sigma class glutathione S-transferase family. It exists as a homodimer and requires glutathione as a cofactor for its prostaglandin D synthase activity. The enzyme is highly expressed in mast cells, Th2 cells, and dendritic cells, where it converts PGH2 to PGD2. PGD2 then signals through two G-protein-coupled receptors, DP1 and DP2 (CRTH2), to mediate allergic inflammation, vasodilation, and bronchoconstriction. HPGDS is a therapeutic target for allergic diseases such as asthma and rhinitis.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HPGDS Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ8757 | Human | 27306 | Details Get a Quote |
| HPGDS Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ56055 | Human | 27306 | Details Get a Quote |
| HPGDS Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ64539 | Human | 27306 | Details Get a Quote |
| HPGDS Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ72998 | Human | 27306 | Details Get a Quote |
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