GRM2: Glutamate Metabotropic Receptor 2
A key regulator of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GRM2 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Glutamate Metabotropic Receptor 2 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 3p21.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2912 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2912 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000164082 |
| UniProt ID | Q14416 |
| OMIM ID | 604102 |
| HGNC ID | 4595 |
| Aliases | GPRC1B, mGlu2, MGLUR2 |
Description
GRM2 encodes the metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 (mGluR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor that negatively modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission. It is primarily expressed in the central nervous system, where it acts as a presynaptic autoreceptor to inhibit neurotransmitter release. GRM2 is implicated in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory, and its dysfunction is linked to psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Schizophrenia | Reduced GRM2 expression may disrupt glutamate signaling, contributing to cognitive and negative symptoms. | ClinVar, NCBI |
| Anxiety Disorders | Altered mGluR2 function affects stress response and fear extinction pathways. | OMIM, NCBI |
| Bipolar Disorder | Genetic variants in GRM2 are associated with altered mood regulation. | ClinVar, NCBI |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | High |
| Cerebral Cortex | 15.2 | High |
| Hippocampus | 18.1 | High |
| Cerebellum | 8.3 | Medium |
| Spinal Cord | 5.6 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y | 9.8 | Neuroblastoma cell line |
| U-87 MG | 3.2 | Glioblastoma cell line |
| HEK293 | 1.1 | Low expression |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.110C>T (p.Pro37Leu) | Missense | Rare | May alter receptor trafficking |
| c.154G>A (p.Gly52Arg) | Missense | Rare | Potential loss of function |
| c.2005C>T (p.Arg669Cys) | Missense | Rare | Unknown significance |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Missense variants in the extracellular domain may impair ligand binding or receptor activation.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Not well documented for GRM2.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No confirmed dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G-protein coupled receptor activity | • glutamate receptor activity |
| • synaptic transmission | • glutamatergic |
| • regulation of neurotransmitter secretion | • adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway |
Pathways
• Glutamatergic synapse
• Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction
• cAMP signaling pathway
Protein Summary
The mGluR2 protein is a 872-amino-acid transmembrane receptor with a large extracellular N-terminal domain that binds glutamate. It couples to Gi/o proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase and reduce cAMP levels. mGluR2 forms homodimers and is expressed predominantly in presynaptic terminals, where it modulates neurotransmitter release. Its structure includes seven transmembrane helices and a cytoplasmic C-terminal tail involved in signaling and trafficking.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRM2 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ266 | Human | 2912 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRM2 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53436 | Human | 2912 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRM2 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61910 | Human | 2912 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRM2 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70390 | Human | 2912 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 4 Of 4 Records
