GRB10: Growth Factor Receptor Bound Protein 10
A key regulator of insulin and IGF signaling, implicated in growth disorders and cancer.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GRB10 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Growth factor receptor bound protein 10 |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 7p12.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2887 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2887 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000106070 |
| UniProt ID | Q13322 |
| OMIM ID | 601523 |
| HGNC ID | 4464 |
| Aliases | GRB-IR, Grb-10, IRBP, MEG1, RSS |
Description
GRB10 (Growth factor receptor bound protein 10) encodes a member of the GRB7 family of adaptor proteins. It interacts with tyrosine kinase receptors, including insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), modulating downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/AKT and MAPK. GRB10 is imprinted, with maternal expression in most tissues, and plays a critical role in growth regulation, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Dysregulation is linked to Silver-Russell syndrome and various cancers.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Silver-Russell syndrome | Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 or GRB10 duplication leads to reduced IGF signaling and growth restriction | OMIM #180860 |
| Type 2 diabetes | GRB10 overexpression impairs insulin signaling, contributing to insulin resistance | PMID: 15616553 |
| Breast cancer | GRB10 overexpression promotes IGF1R-mediated cell proliferation and survival | PMID: 19029981 |
| Prostate cancer | GRB10 amplification enhances androgen receptor and IGF signaling | COSMIC: GRB10 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Skeletal muscle | 12.5 | Medium |
| Adipose tissue | 8.3 | Medium |
| Liver | 6.1 | Low |
| Brain | 4.2 | Low |
| Pancreas | 3.8 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HEK 293 | 15.2 | High expression |
| MCF7 | 10.1 | Breast cancer cell line |
| HepG2 | 7.4 | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| PC3 | 9.8 | Prostate cancer cell line |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G | Missense | Rare | Potential loss of function |
| c.214C>T | Nonsense | Rare | Premature truncation |
| c.1234G>A | Missense | 0.01% | Unknown effect |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Nonsense and frameshift mutations in GRB10 are predicted to cause loss of adaptor function, impairing negative regulation of IGF signaling.
Gain of Function (GOF)
Amplification or overexpression of GRB10 in cancers leads to enhanced IGF1R signaling and cell proliferation.
Dominant Negative (DN)
Certain missense mutations may disrupt GRB10 interaction with receptors, acting in a dominant-negative manner.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• Insulin signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04910)
• IGF-1 signaling pathway (Reactome: R-HSA-2404192)
• PI3K-Akt signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04151)
Protein Summary
GRB10 is a 594-amino acid adaptor protein containing an N-terminal proline-rich region, a central PH domain, and a C-terminal SH2 domain. It binds phosphorylated tyrosine residues on activated receptors (INSR, IGF1R) and recruits downstream effectors. The protein negatively regulates insulin and IGF signaling by competing with IRS1 and promoting receptor internalization. Isoforms vary due to alternative splicing and imprinting.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRB10 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1172 | Human | 2887 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRB10 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20435 | Human | 2887 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRB10 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20436 | Human | 2887 | Details Get a Quote |
| GRB10 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ20437 | Human | 2887 | Details Get a Quote |
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