GPR139
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 139
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GPR139 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | G protein-coupled receptor 139 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 16p12.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 124274 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/124274 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000180269 |
| UniProt ID | Q6DWJ6 |
| OMIM ID | 617583 |
| HGNC ID | 23621 |
| Aliases | PGR3, GPRg1, GPCR139 |
Description
GPR139 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is highly conserved across vertebrates. It is predominantly expressed in the brain, particularly in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland, and is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior, energy homeostasis, and neuroendocrine signaling. The receptor couples primarily to Gq/11 proteins, leading to intracellular calcium mobilization. Its endogenous ligand remains unidentified, but it is activated by L-tryptophan and L-phenylalanine at high concentrations.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Obesity | GPR139 signaling modulates appetite and energy expenditure; variants may alter receptor activity | PMID: 25639753 |
| Schizophrenia | GPR139 expression is altered in prefrontal cortex; potential role in dopamine modulation | PMID: 28273067 |
| Parkinson disease | GPR139 agonists show neuroprotective effects in animal models | PMID: 30321538 |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 12.5 | Medium |
| Pituitary gland | 8.2 | Low |
| Testis | 3.1 | Low |
| Liver | 0.5 | Not detected |
| Heart | 0.2 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y | 5.8 | Neuroblastoma cell line |
| HEK293 | 0.3 | Low endogenous expression |
| HepG2 | 0.1 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.100C>T (p.Arg34Trp) | Missense | <0.01% | Unknown functional effect |
| c.457G>A (p.Glu153Lys) | Missense | <0.01% | Potential loss of function |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
p.Glu153Lys may impair Gq coupling
Gain of Function (GOF)
None reported
Dominant Negative (DN)
None reported
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity | • Gq/11-coupled receptor activity |
| • plasma membrane | • signal transduction |
| • calcium-mediated signaling |
Pathways
• GPCR downstream signaling
• Calcium signaling pathway
Protein Summary
GPR139 is a 338-amino acid orphan GPCR with seven transmembrane domains. It is expressed primarily in the brain and activates Gq/11 proteins to increase intracellular calcium. It is considered a potential drug target for metabolic and neurological disorders.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPR139 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ3437 | Human | 124274 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPR139 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ58128 | Human | 124274 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPR139 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ66614 | Human | 124274 | Details Get a Quote |
| GPR139 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ75032 | Human | 124274 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 4 Of 4 Records
