GALR1: Galanin Receptor 1
A G-protein coupled receptor for galanin, involved in neuromodulation, pain, and cancer.
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | GALR1 |
|---|---|
| Full Name | galanin receptor 1 |
| Gene Type | protein-coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 18q23 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 2587 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2587 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000166573 |
| UniProt ID | P47211 |
| OMIM ID | 600377 |
| HGNC ID | 4132 |
| Aliases | GALNR1, GALR-1 |
Description
GALR1 encodes a G-protein coupled receptor for the neuropeptide galanin. The receptor is predominantly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems and mediates galanin's effects on pain modulation, feeding behavior, memory, and neuroendocrine function. It signals through Gi/Go proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase and modulate ion channels. Altered expression and mutations have been implicated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and neurological disorders.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Hypermethylation of GALR1 promoter leads to transcriptional silencing, reducing tumor suppression. | ClinVar, COSMIC |
| Colorectal Cancer | Loss of GALR1 expression via promoter methylation correlates with poor prognosis. | NCBI Gene, PubMed |
| Pain Disorders | GALR1 activation modulates nociception; polymorphisms may alter pain sensitivity. | OMIM, PubMed |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Brain | 2.3 | Low |
| Spinal Cord | 1.8 | Low |
| Pituitary | 4.1 | Medium |
| Small Intestine | 0.9 | Not detected |
| Colon | 0.5 | Not detected |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| SH-SY5Y (neuroblastoma) | 1.2 | Low expression |
| U-87 MG (glioblastoma) | 0.8 | Not detected |
| HeLa (cervical carcinoma) | 0.3 | Not detected |
| MCF7 (breast cancer) | 0.6 | Not detected |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.1A>G (p.Met1?) | missense | <0.01% | Likely loss of start codon; predicted loss of function |
| c.200C>T (p.Thr67Ile) | missense | <0.01% | Unknown significance; rare population variant |
| c.1034G>A (p.Arg345Gln) | missense | <0.01% | Located in C-terminal tail; functional impact uncertain |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Promoter hypermethylation leading to transcriptional silencing is the primary loss-of-function mechanism in cancer.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
| • G protein-coupled receptor activity | • galanin receptor activity |
| • G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway | • adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway |
| • neuropeptide signaling pathway | • plasma membrane |
| • integral component of plasma membrane |
Pathways
• G alpha (i) signalling events
• Neuropeptide GPCR signaling
• Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like) GPCRs
Protein Summary
Galanin receptor 1 (GALR1) is a 349-amino acid integral membrane protein with seven transmembrane domains, characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors. It binds the neuropeptide galanin with high affinity and couples primarily to pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi/Go proteins, leading to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase, reduction of cAMP levels, and modulation of potassium and calcium channels. The receptor is involved in regulating pain transmission, feeding, memory, and neuroendocrine secretion. In cancer, epigenetic silencing of GALR1 is associated with tumor progression.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GALR1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ1116 | Human | 2587 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALR1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ53302 | Human | 2587 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALR1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ61785 | Human | 2587 | Details Get a Quote |
| GALR1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ70267 | Human | 2587 | Details Get a Quote |
Displaying Records 1 To 4 Of 4 Records
