DYRK3 Gene: Function, Expression, and Clinical Significance

DYRK3 (Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 3) is a member of the DYRK family of protein kinases. It encodes a nuclear protein that functions as a dual-specificity kinase, capable of autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues and phosphorylation of serine/threonine substrates. DYRK3 plays critical roles in cell cycle regulation, hematopoiesis, and stress granule dynamics. It is involved in the regulation of the G1/S cell cycle transition and is essential for erythropoiesis and megakaryopoiesis. DYRK3 also acts as a molecular switch controlling the dissolution of stress granules during mitosis.

Tissue Expression

Cell Line Expression

Hotspot Mutations

Mutation functional classification

• DYRK family signaling

• Cell cycle (G1/S transition)

• Stress granule dynamics

DYRK3 is a 588-amino acid dual-specificity kinase that contains a conserved DYRK homology domain and a nuclear localization signal. It undergoes autophosphorylation on tyrosine residues for activation and subsequently phosphorylates serine/threonine substrates. DYRK3 is predominantly nuclear and regulates cell cycle progression, particularly the G1/S transition. It is essential for proper hematopoiesis, including erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. Additionally, DYRK3 controls the disassembly of stress granules during mitosis, linking cellular stress responses to cell cycle progression. Dysregulation of DYRK3 is implicated in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.