CXCL1: C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1

A key chemokine in inflammation, neutrophil recruitment, and cancer progression

Gene Information Card

Symbol CXCL1
Full Name C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1
Gene Type protein-coding
Chromosomal Location 4q13.3
NCBI Gene ID 2919 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2919
Ensembl ID ENSG00000163739
UniProt ID P09341
OMIM ID 155730
HGNC ID 4602
Aliases GRO1, GROa, MGSA, NAP-3, SCYB1

Description

CXCL1 (C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family. It is primarily produced by macrophages, neutrophils, and epithelial cells, and acts as a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils by binding to the chemokine receptor CXCR2. CXCL1 plays critical roles in inflammation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Overexpression is associated with various cancers, including melanoma, colorectal, and breast cancer.

Disease Associations

Disease category Pathophysiological mechanism Genomic evidence
Melanoma CXCL1 acts as an autocrine growth factor (MGSA) promoting melanoma cell proliferation via CXCR2 signaling. PMID: 1841374; NCBI Gene
Colorectal Cancer Elevated CXCL1 expression correlates with tumor progression, angiogenesis, and poor prognosis. PMID: 24743152; COSMIC
Inflammatory Bowel Disease CXCL1 mediates neutrophil infiltration into colonic mucosa, exacerbating inflammation. PMID: 19175495; ClinVar
Rheumatoid Arthritis CXCL1 is elevated in synovial fluid, driving neutrophil recruitment and joint destruction. PMID: 10607692; OMIM
Atherosclerosis CXCL1 promotes monocyte adhesion and plaque formation via CXCR2. PMID: 17951330; NCBI Gene

Expression Profile

Tissue Expression
Tissue nTPM level
Bone Marrow 12.8 High
Spleen 8.5 Medium
Lung 6.2 Medium
Colon 4.1 Low
Skin 3.5 Low
Cell Line Expression
Cell Line nTPM Notes
THP-1 (monocyte) 15.2 High expression after LPS stimulation
A549 (lung carcinoma) 7.8 Constitutive expression
HCT116 (colorectal carcinoma) 9.1 Overexpressed
MCF7 (breast carcinoma) 2.3 Low baseline
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）

Mutations & Variants

Hotspot Mutations
Variant Type Frequency Functional Description
c.101C>T (p.Thr34Met) Missense <0.1% Unknown functional impact; reported in COSMIC
c.202G>A (p.Gly68Arg) Missense <0.1% Reported in melanoma samples
c.301_303del (p.Phe101del) In-frame deletion <0.1% Loss of chemotactic activity in vitro
Mutation functional classification

Loss of Function (LOF)

Rare in-frame deletions (e.g., p.Phe101del) impair receptor binding and chemotaxis.

Gain of Function (GOF)

Missense mutations in the N-terminal region may enhance CXCR2 affinity, though not well characterized.

Dominant Negative (DN)

No dominant-negative mutations reported.
View complete mutation data：
ClinVar：https://www.clinvar.com/gene/2919
COSMIC：https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=CXCL1

Gene Ontology (GO)

• chemokine activity (GO:0008009) • CXCR chemokine receptor binding (GO:0045236)
• inflammatory response (GO:0006954) • neutrophil chemotaxis (GO:0030593)
• positive regulation of angiogenesis (GO:0045766) • cell proliferation (GO:0008283)

Pathways

• IL-17 signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04657)
• Chemokine signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04062)
• TNF signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04668)
• NF-kappa B signaling pathway (KEGG: hsa04064)

Protein Summary

CXCL1 is a 107-amino-acid secreted protein (11.3 kDa) containing the conserved CXC motif (Cys-X-Cys). It forms homodimers and binds to the G-protein-coupled receptor CXCR2. The protein is stored in platelet alpha-granules and released upon activation. It is a major mediator of neutrophil recruitment to sites of infection or injury. In cancer, CXCL1 promotes tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis through autocrine and paracrine loops.

Related Services

Knockout Cell Line
Point Mutation Cell Line
Knock-In Cell Line
Overexpression Cell Line
Knockdown Cell Line
Reporter Cell Line
Knock-in Tag
iPSC Gene Editing

Related Products

Product name Cat.No. Species Gene ID
CXCL1 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ558 Human 2919 Details Get a Quote
CXCL10 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ1480 Human 3627 Details Get a Quote
CXCL17 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ13059 Human 284340 Details Get a Quote
CXCL1 Knockout A-549 Cell Line EDJ-KQ18933 Human 2919 Details Get a Quote
CXCL1 Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line EDJ-KQ18934 Human 2919 Details Get a Quote
CXCL1 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ18935 Human 2919 Details Get a Quote
CXCL11 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ50615 Human 6373 Details Get a Quote
CXCL12 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ50617 Human 6387 Details Get a Quote
CXCL14 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ50879 Human 9547 Details Get a Quote
CXCL13 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ50987 Human 10563 Details Get a Quote
CXCL16 Knockout HEK293 Cell Line EDJ-KQ51594 Human 58191 Details Get a Quote
CXCL10 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ53664 Human 3627 Details Get a Quote
CXCL11 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ54433 Human 6373 Details Get a Quote
CXCL12 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ54436 Human 6387 Details Get a Quote
CXCL14 Knockout HeLa Cell Line EDJ-KQ55192 Human 9547 Details Get a Quote

Reference Databases

NCBI Gene https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/2919
OMIM https://www.omim.org/entry/155730
HGNC https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/HGNC:4602
Ensembl https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?g=ENSG00000163739
UniProt https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P09341
ClinVar https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/?term=CXCL1%5Bgene%5D
COSMIC https://cancer.sanger.ac.uk/cosmic/gene/analysis?ln=CXCL1
Contact Us
*
*
*
How did you hear about us：
✖ service online