APOM Gene - Apolipoprotein M
A key regulator of lipid metabolism and sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling
Gene Information Card
| Symbol | APOM |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Apolipoprotein M |
| Gene Type | Protein coding |
| Chromosomal Location | 6p21.33 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 55937 ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/55937 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000184381 |
| UniProt ID | O95445 |
| OMIM ID | 606907 |
| HGNC ID | 13916 |
| Aliases | apo-M, G3a, HSPC336, NG20 |
Description
The APOM gene encodes apolipoprotein M, a member of the lipocalin protein family. It is primarily associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and plays a critical role in lipid transport, particularly in the binding and delivery of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). APOM is expressed mainly in the liver and kidney and has been implicated in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function. Alterations in APOM expression or function are linked to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain cancers.
Disease Associations
| Disease category | Pathophysiological mechanism | Genomic evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular disease | APOM modulates HDL function and S1P signaling; reduced levels impair endothelial protection and promote atherosclerosis. | ClinVar, NCBI |
| Type 2 diabetes | APOM expression is altered in insulin resistance; S1P binding affects glucose metabolism and inflammation. | NCBI, OMIM |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma | APOM downregulation is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. | COSMIC, NCBI |
| Coronary artery disease | Polymorphisms in APOM are associated with altered HDL levels and increased CAD risk. | OMIM, ClinVar |
Expression Profile
Tissue Expression
| Tissue | nTPM | level |
|---|---|---|
| Liver | 12.5 | High |
| Kidney | 8.3 | Medium |
| Small intestine | 4.1 | Low |
| Adipose tissue | 2.0 | Low |
| Lung | 1.5 | Low |
Cell Line Expression
| Cell Line | nTPM | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| HepG2 | 15.2 | Hepatocyte cell line |
| HEK293 | 3.8 | Embryonic kidney cells |
| Caco-2 | 2.1 | Intestinal epithelial cells |
| A549 | 0.9 | Lung carcinoma cells |
Data source：Human Protein Atlas（proteinatlas.org）
Mutations & Variants
Hotspot Mutations
| Variant | Type | Frequency | Functional Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| c.199C>T (p.Arg67Cys) | Missense | 0.01% | Reduced S1P binding affinity |
| c.376G>A (p.Gly126Ser) | Missense | 0.02% | Altered protein stability |
| c.1A>G (p.Met1Val) | Start loss | Rare | Loss of protein expression |
Mutation functional classification
Loss of Function (LOF)
Start loss mutations (e.g., p.Met1Val) abolish APOM translation, leading to complete loss of function.
Gain of Function (GOF)
No confirmed gain-of-function mutations reported.
Dominant Negative (DN)
No dominant-negative mutations described.
View complete mutation data：
Gene Ontology (GO)
Pathways
• HDL-mediated lipid transport (Reactome: R-HSA-8963898)
• Sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling (Reactome: R-HSA-428930)
Protein Summary
Apolipoprotein M (APOM) is a 25 kDa glycoprotein predominantly associated with HDL particles. It contains a lipocalin fold that binds small hydrophobic ligands, most notably sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). By delivering S1P to its receptors on endothelial cells, APOM regulates vascular barrier integrity, inflammation, and angiogenesis. APOM is synthesized mainly in the liver and kidney and is secreted into plasma. Its expression is modulated by metabolic and inflammatory signals, and it is considered a protective factor against atherosclerosis and metabolic disease.
Related Services
Related Products
| Product name | Cat.No. | Species | Gene ID | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APOM Knockout HEK293 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ12396 | Human | 55937 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOM Knockout A-549 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41274 | Human | 55937 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOM Knockout HCT 116 Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41275 | Human | 55937 | Details Get a Quote |
| APOM Knockout HeLa Cell Line | EDJ-KQ41276 | Human | 55937 | Details Get a Quote |
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